3.7 Language grammar sometimes corrected gr! Please use spell checker and grammar checker

1. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 3.7 Language • grammar sometimes correctedgr! • Please use spell checker and grammar checker • Especially the verb to be (the seven horses) s s • Use of possessive form: apostrophe used in conjunction with people, groups, of people, countries, and animals. John’s fingers; America’s constitution. • Prepositional phrase. “the coils of an induction motor” not “the induction motor’s coils”; “the radiation resistance of the antenna” instead of “the antenna’s radiation resistance”. pf 

2. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Missing articlesart! • Use of ampersand &: use “and • Use the abbreviationFig. xin both text and captions. • “…with regard to …” NOT “…with regards to …” “…please give him my regards” • etcmeans that the comment continues • anLPC; a KPI; anMIC • A’s; o’s; do’s; MICs; KPIs 

3. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Wherein, Whereof, Thereof … stuffy • Can’t, Won’t, don’t … slang • There’s many different ways .. • Delete (a letter) • Bad format/wrong/change • L Logic: lack of. 

4. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Sentence Sentence , conjunction Sentence Sentence ; semicolon • Semicolon ;  . • Comma http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~olson/pms/semicolon.html http://www.stpt.usf.edu/pms/comma.html 

5. dhdnti jjiuv,” vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 123-234, Aug. 1999. as well as : ; ! ? UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Always leave a space after a fullstop and a comma. • Use Fig. x in text, Fig. x. in figure caption. • “Shown in Fig. x.”“Presented in Fig. x” 

6. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Use of wrong words: • FunctionvsFunctionality "The function of a screwdriver is to turn screws. Its functionality includes prying open paint cans, stirring paint, scraping paint, and acting as a chisel. The function is what it is designed to do. The functionality is what you can do with it." -- Evan Kirshenbau • http://alt-usage-english.org/fast_faq.shtml#notes 

7. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Use of wrong words: • FunctionvsFunctionality "The function of a screwdriver is to turn screws. Its functionality includes prying open paint cans, stirring paint, scraping paint, and acting as a chisel. The function is what it is designed to do. The functionality is what you can do with it." -- Evan Kirshenbau • http://alt-usage-english.org/fast_faq.shtml#notes • Technique = a way of doing an activity which needs • skill • Technology = the study and knowledge of the practical, especially industrial, use of scientific discoveries 

8. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Use of wrong words: • UsevsUsage • Use: • The act of using, employing or putting into service (the employment of) • What something is used for. • Usage: • Accepted or habitual practice • The customary manner in which a language is spoken 

9. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.8 Style •  Do not use • “a paradigm shift” • “exponential” • “strategic” • “basically • “indicated” • unless this is exactly what is meant. Which mostly is never. 

10. Do you keep falling asleep in meetings? Here’s something to challenge all of that BULLSHIT BINGO How to play: Simply tick off 5 words in one meeting and shout BINGO! It’s that easy!

11. Do you keep falling asleep in meetings? Here’s something to challenge all of that BULLSHIT BINGO How to play: Simply tick off 5 words in one meeting and shout BINGO! It’s that easy! TESTIMONIALS FROM OTHER PLAYERS: “I HAD ONLY BEEN IN THE MEETING FOR FIVE MINUTES WHEN I YELLED BINGO” “MY ATTENTION SPAN AT MEETINGS HAS IMPROVED DRAMATICALLY” “IT’S A WHEEZE. MEETINGS WILL NEVER BE THE SAME FOR AFTER MY FIRST OUTRIGHT WIN” “THE FACILITATOR WAS GOBSMACKED AS WE ALL SCREAMED BINGO FOR THE THIRD TIME IN 2 HOURS”.

12. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o •  Avoid direct summary style. “The authors of [10] study…” “In his paper ‘Colours …. films’ [5] Maxwell-Garnett states that …” • If you’ve decided that he is an expert, and worth quoting, accept it, and quote it as scientific fact: 

13. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • ….the oldest mixing rule with theoretical justification is the Maxwell-Garnett mixing formula [5] • (3) • 5] J.C. Maxwell-Garnett, “Colours in metal glasses and in metal films.” Trans. Roy. Soc., London, vol. CCIII, pp. 385-420, 1904. 

14. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “According to the authors of [40] …” 

15. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “According to the authors of [40] …” “In all the published papers … only one paper was found …” 

16. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “According to the authors of [40] …” “In all the published papers … only one paper was found …” “This paper is discussed below…” 

17. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “According to the authors of [40] …” “In all the published papers … only one paper was found …” “This paper is discussed below…” “Nowadays WSN are a promising research field since they find wide application” . 

18. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Conveying information . “The author evaluates inverse extraction in [10]. In [11] the impedance synthesis method is discussed” 

19. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Conveying information . “The author evaluates inverse extraction in [10]. In [11] the impedance synthesis method is discussed” “The method of inverse pole extraction gives a more rapid reaction time, with typically 40≤≤50 ms [10]. This compares to the more core-intensance synthesis approach for which typically 100 ms [11].” 

20. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Do not end introduction with a summary of what is going to be presented in each section. Introduction should be structured as a summary that leads to the first section. 

21. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Do not end introduction with a summary of what is going to be presented in each section. Introduction should be structured as a summary that leads to the first section. • “in Section I, the … will be treated and in Section II, the theory of …”etc. • Or • “The fundamentals, performance … will be given. An • overview of … will follow. A brief review of … will then be given …Finally … conclusion.” 

22. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Similarly avoid beginning the section with “In this section, the different approaches to … is described and evaluated”. Rather structure the introduction as, • V. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS • A number of different approaches to spectral analysis are commonly in use. • The Numerical Analysis approach • This method entails the development of a code for the evaluation of the entire spectrum of radiation over the …blablabla. B. The external elliptic integral method. • In all the analytical methods for …. etc.” 

23. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o •  Do not make statements in your abstract or introduction (or anywhere else) of the form, • “This paper/report will attempt to…” • “This paper will investigate …”. • “The Primary Focus of this Paper …” • “This paper looks at …” • “This paper advocates …” • “This paper discusses …” • “This research will look at …” • “The main idea of this paper …” • “The aim of this paper …” 

24. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Make use of expressions such as • “Is presented…”, • “Is investigated …”, • “Is analyzed …” etc. 

25. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Never use expressions such as “…looked at …” (investigated). 

26. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Never use expressions such as “…looked at …” (investigated). • Don’t think up fancy titles; don’t write flowery introductions and large amounts of unscientific waffle. 

27. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Never use expressions such as “…looked at …” (investigated). • Don’t think up fancy titles; don’t write flowery introductions and large amounts of unscientific waffle. • If you insist on history, make it two lines. 

28. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Never use expressions such as “…looked at …” (investigated). • Don’t think up fancy titles; don’t write flowery introductions and large amounts of unscientific waffle. • If you insist on history, make it two lines. • The assignments did not look like papers. 

29. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Never use expressions such as “…looked at …” (investigated). • Don’t think up fancy titles; don’t write flowery introductions and large amounts of unscientific waffle. • If you insist on history, make it two lines. • The assignments did not look like papers. • “Relevant articles with reference to the research were reviewed and evaluated” Please!! • Visit a site that tells you how to write! 

30. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 

31. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Mathematics • Mathematics is a language!! 

32. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Mathematics • Mathematics is a language!! 

33. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Paragraphing • Collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. • Keep one idea to one paragraph. • Classic style. • Block style. 

34. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 

35. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  Do not use a reference as a proper noun • “[7] made three critical …” • “[23] states that/ • …concludes that • …proposes 

36. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.9 Evaluating authors • It is not conventional to have a discussion on the author. • Not in the next assignment. • In a number of assignments there was just a list of authors. This is wrong! Identify the leading authors. • Do not include the full cv, job history, name of their dog, etc. Just citations, h-factors. No photographs. 

37. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.10 Heading and Section Headings • Headings must be informative in the same way as the title. • Make heading topic specific: II Overview of XYZ says nothing. • 3.11 Printing Not back-to-back. Pain in the back. Please: No ring binders 

38. TLA Three Letter Abbreviation TLA Three Letter Acronym TLA Talk, Listen, Act TLA Telemetry Link Adapter TLA Telephone Line Adapter TLA Temporary Lodging Allowance UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o TLA Temporary Lodging Assistance TLA Tennessee Library Association TLA Term Loan A TLA Terminal Low Altitude TLA Terminate and Leave Activated TLA Territorial Local Authorities TLA Texas Library Association TLA The Lost Age (game) TLA Theater of the Living Arts TLA Thin Layer Activation TLA Three Letter Agency TLA Throttle Lever Angle TLA Tie Line Class A (24 hours/day service) TLA Time Line Analysis www.acronymfinder.com. 3.12 Acronyms 

39. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.13 Common Shortcomings • Most literature reviews suffer from the • following problems: • Lacking organization and structure • Lacking focus, unity and coherence • Being repetitive and verbose • Failing to cite influential papers • Failing to keep up with recent developments • Failing to critically evaluate cited papers • Citing irrelevant or trivial references • Depending too much on secondary sources 

40. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.14 Platitudes • Do not use boxes or fancy displays. • (does not hold for presentations) • Do not use platitudes. • Do not use grandiose statements. • Do be modest. 

41. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.15 Familiarity and professionalism • Never refer to any scientist by first name, unless you are by far his or her superior. That means never. • Never refer to your supervisor or other academic staff by first name, and always use titles. • Your supervisor for this course is not a co-author • Don’t “Manuscript received … etc.” 

42. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.17 Theory of Science • Little or no comment on truth, validity, causality. Evaluation of contributions: too much step by step. 

43. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 3.17 Theory of Science • Little or no comment on truth, validity, causality. Evaluation of contributions: too much step by step. 3.18 Lack of added value “Energy optimisation is an area investi-gated by… [1]-[3].” What did they find? 

44. UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o  RIP • 3.18 Finally • On the one hand there was a vast improvement over the first assignment. On the other hand there were some that still had a grave misunderstanding on the extent of the assignment. the Second Rule. 