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Eastern Philosophy and Religion

Eastern Philosophy and Religion. World Geography- Minich. Buddhism. What makes a religion?. Buddhism. Is Buddhism a Religion? -No notion of God -No creator -No afterlife. User:. The Life of Gautama.

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Eastern Philosophy and Religion

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  1. Eastern Philosophy and Religion World Geography- Minich

  2. Buddhism What makes a religion?

  3. Buddhism Is Buddhism a Religion? -No notion of God -No creator -No afterlife

  4. User: The Life of Gautama • Prince Siddhartha Gautama was born in Nepal between 624-560 BC. He was born into the Kshatriya warrior caste. (p. 221) • Siddhartha led a pampered life, but the Four Passing Sights ( an old man, a diseased man, a corpse, and a mendicant), caught his attention and disturbed him. • Siddhartha discovered the Middle Way, the central teaching of Buddhism. This way rejects both extremes of sensual indulgence and asceticism.

  5. Sidhartha Gautama

  6. The Dharma • Buddhism reacted against Hinduism in some respects: philosophical speculation was rejected as was the institutional form of Hinduism. Also, the teachings of Buddhism were written available in an accessible language rather than solely in Sanskrit. • Four Noble Truths 1.) Life involves suffering (samsara= rebirth). 2.) Suffering is caused by attachment and desire to material possessions. 3.) Suffering can be eliminated by ending attachments and desires. (Nirvana= blown out) 4.) By following the “Eightfold Noble Path.”

  7. Eightfold Path • 4th Noble Truth: 1. Training in wisdom: • right views • right intentions 2. Training in practical life and ethics: • right speech • right action • right livelihood 3. Training in meditation: • right mindedness • right concentration

  8. Buddhism • Challenged Hindu Tradition - Rejects caste rules -Rejects worship of polytheistic gods and ritual practices • Buddhism focuses on personal experience • Buddhism dies out in India as a result of the Muslim invasions between 1000-1200.

  9. Nirvana • Nirvana, according to the Buddha-"This is the peace, this is exquisite -- the resolution of all fabrications, the relinquishment of all acquisitions, the ending of craving; dispassion; cessation; Nirvana."

  10. Theravada Buddhism • The oldest school of Buddhism. • The “Way of the Elders” or the “Small Vehicle.” • Found in southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. • Theravada Buddhism - centers around monks, all others should work to provide for priests in hopes of achieving that status in the next life

  11. Mahayana Buddhism • The “Great Vehicle.” • Found in East Asia (China, Japan). • Buddhism “for the masses.” • Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity -Zen: enlightenment through concentration and meditation (popular in the US) -Tibetan: (Lamaism) monastic faith, “Dalai Lama” (p. 241), “Tibetan Buddhism”

  12. Kong Fuzi (551-479 BC) • “Master Philosopher Kong” • Given name Confucius by Catholic missionaries • Ethicalism • Social/Political Instability

  13. Confucian Values • Ren: kindness and benevolence; sense of humanity, seeking the welfare of other people (inward) • Li: propriety, courtesy, doing the right thing at the right time (outward)

  14. Five Basic Relationships 1. Father (kindness) to son (filial piety) • Filial Piety: support one’s parents, not bring humiliation to one’s parents and ancestors, glorify them 2. Elder brother (gentility) to younger brother (respect) 3. Husband (righteous behavior) to wife (obedience) 4. Elder (humane consideration) to junior (deference) 5. Ruler (benevolence) to subject (loyalty)

  15. Dao- “the way,” become one with the cosmos, with nature, with all things Ying and Yang: balance is good, “proper harmony” Daoism has changed throughout the centuries, increasing in mysticism and superstition, increased knowledge of metallurgy and astronomy Lao Zi: “Old Sage,” Chinese philosopher and founder, Tao Te Ching (The Way and Its Power) Daoism

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