Stephen Pruitt, Ph.D. President Southern Regional Education Board

1. Shared-Time Technology Centers A Study of Six State Funding SystemsA Special Report for the Kentucky Career and Technical Education Task Force Stephen Pruitt, Ph.D. President Southern Regional Education Board

2. A More Dependent Population By 2030, for every 51 dependent people in Kentucky there will be just 49 working-age adults to provide for them. 2 Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

3. In Kentucky 3 Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

4. In Kentucky 4 Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

5. Setting the Context Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

6. High Quality CTE • High-quality CTE programs must be relevant. • High-quality CTE requires effective pedagogy. • High-quality CTE programs must actively involve employers in the training and education of youth. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

7. Access and Equity • Secure and leverage resources to close CTE opportunity gaps. • Work with stakeholders to expand geographic access to CTE. • Dismantle barriers that prevent learners from entering CTE programs. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

8. Common Barriers • Geography and availability • Funding and resources • At-home factors (parent involvement, income, trauma) • Academic preparation • Awareness and advising • Cultural awareness • Physical and learning disabilities Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

9. 3 Categories of CTE Funding • Foundational Funding Only General state aid formulas with no CTE earmark • Funding for Shared-Time Technology Centers CTE services offered in other locations in these states, such as at comprehensive high schools or community and technical colleges, are supported through a state’s foundational funding formula. • Categorical Funding These approaches – which may include student-based, cost-based and/or unit-based formulas – typically target state funding for the exclusive use of CTE programming. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

10. 6 State Reviews Arkansas Indiana Ohio Oklahoma South Carolina West Virginia Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

11. Arkansas Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $20,136,383 • 28 local education agencies • 21 locations on postsecondary campuses Funding flows to the centers in two ways • Vocational center aid • Training fees Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

12. Arkansas Vocational Center Aid • Based on the number of students served the previous school year • Fixed per-student rate ($3,250) distributed annually • Allocations capped at 60% if more than 60% of students come from a single school. • Funds distributed based on actual enrollments per semester. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

13. Arkansas Training Fees • Each school district sending students to a secondary career center pays a training fee of $3,250 per FTE. • The Office of Skills Development reimburses the districts for the funds they sent to the secondary career center for the previous school year — roughly $10 to $11 million annually. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

14. Arkansas Training Fees (continued) • School districts receive quarterly payments. • This causes issues with legislative audits, as the accounts do not reconcile at the end of the school year. • By reimbursing the districts, the Office of Skills Development starts the school year with $9 to $10 million. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

15. Indiana Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $130,000,000 Differential method of funding • Additional pupil county funding for CTE is distributed through a weighted formula based on credit hours and student enrollment in state-approved CTE programs. • Programs are differentially weighted based on labor market demand and wages. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

16. Indiana Advanced CTE Course Funding LevelsEnrollment Reimbursement Rates Per Credit Hour • High Value Program = $680 • Moderate Value Program = $400 • Less than Moderate Value Program = $200 Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

17. Indiana Other CTE Course Funding Levels Enrollment Reimbursement Rates Per Pupil • Introductory = $300 • Apprenticeship = $150 • Cooperative Education Course = $150 • Foundational = $150 • Work-Based Learning = $150 • Area Participation Program = $150 Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

18. Ohio Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $290,782,399 • All 612 school districts in Ohio are connected to one of 93 CTE planning districts. CTE Planning Districts: 3 models • City Districts • Compacts • Joint Vocational School Districts (JVSD) Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

19. Ohio Joint Vocational School Districts (JVSD) • Consortium of 36 districts that support four career centers. Students can elect to attend for one-half or one full school day. • JVSDs are considered a school district with an appointed Board. Board members are generally from the sending districts. The Board hires a Superintendent who runs all aspects of the district. • JVSDs have the authority to levy millage tax. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

20. Ohio Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

21. Oklahoma Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $20,000,000 • Statewide network of 29 technology center districts • 58 campuses statewide • Constitutional amendment allowed establishment of what were then called “area vocational-technical schools.” Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

22. Oklahoma Oklahoma Technology Centers • Created and administered by a local board elected by area voters • Funding from the state depends on the millage levies approved by district voters Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

23. Oklahoma Oklahoma Technology Centers(continued) • Oklahoma’s technology centers are adapting their schedules and pursuing other avenues to provide students the flexibility they need to attend. • On a statewide average, technology centers receive about two-thirds of their funding at the local level. The remaining is a mixture of state and federal funds. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

24. Oklahoma Oklahoma Technology Centers Challenges • Only available to juniors and seniors • High admission requirements • Credit transfer between centers and community colleges Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

25. South Carolina Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $20,000,000 • Funds are allocated in support of career and technical education to reimburse CTE programs for the costs of equipment, supplies, industry certifications, work-based learning activities and continuous school improvement strategies such as SREB’s Making Schools Work frameworks. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

26. South Carolina Total Categorical State Funding for CTE (continued) • 79 school districts • 27 career centers serving a single district operated by local boards of education • District receives federal Perkins funding as well as state CTE funding. These funds are then shared with the career center. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

27. South Carolina Governance and Funding Dynamics • S.C. Office of Career and Technical Education provides local educational agencies guidance and assistance for success and compliance. • 12 multi-district career centers serve students from more than one educational area. • They receive some federal funding, primarily through consortium agreements with feeder districts. • They also receive state CTE funding. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

28. South Carolina SC Governance and Funding Dynamics (continued) • Federal funding is allocated based on the formula defined by the legislation. • State funding is allocated based on enrollment in CTE programs. • Local school districts and multi-district career centers that receive CTE must submit a local application and address state and federal laws and regulations for the use of these funds. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

29. West Virginia Total Categorical State Funding for CTE • $18,000,000 • 22 shared-time county technical centers • 7 multi-county shared-time technical centers Secondary CTE Funds: Distributed in 4 Categories • Secondary Block Grants • Travel • Equipment replacement • Multi-county grant funding Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

30. West Virginia State Funds • Intended to offset the additional costs of providing CTE services, which the state defines as extended employment for instructional and administrative staff, supplies, instructional materials, equipment and placement services. Block Funds • To be eligible, providers must assign oversight of technical programs. Those offering more than five CTE programs must appoint a certified program administrator. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

31. Considerations Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

32. Considerations • Determine the characteristics and competencies the workforce of 2035 should have. • Select a governance model that drives Kentucky’s funding approach. Do not allow the funding model to determine the governance structure. • Establish goals for CTE program completers. • Identify criteria for high-quality CTE programs. • Address access and equity with the funding model. Stephen Pruitt | September 2019

33. Stephen L. Pruitt, Ph.D.President Stephen.Pruitt@SREB.orgTwitter: @DrSPruitt