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Preparations for the Mileage Charging Electronic Toll Collection in Hungary

Preparations for the Mileage Charging Electronic Toll Collection in Hungary. Árpád G. Siposs , Toll Strategy Manager, KKK Coordination Centre for Transport Development. Workshop on Road User Charging Systems, Warsaw, June 12, 2007. Tolling History in Hungary / 1.

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Preparations for the Mileage Charging Electronic Toll Collection in Hungary

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  1. Preparations for the Mileage Charging Electronic Toll Collection in Hungary Árpád G. Siposs, Toll Strategy Manager, KKKCoordination Centre for Transport Development Workshop on Road User Charging Systems, Warsaw, June 12, 2007

  2. Tolling History in Hungary / 1 Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) First master plan for speedways: 1942 Motorway constructions started: 1961 „500 km of Toll Motorways” programme: 1970-1976 Attempt to introduce the vignette system: 1989 Toll collection by Concessionaires: 1996-2004 Continuous expansion of vignette system: 2000-2004 Electronic registration and control of vignettes: from 2002 Preparations for mileage based ETC: from 2003

  3. M3State19991999M5PPPfrom2004 M1/M15BOT19961999M5BOT19972004 Tolling History in Hungary / 2 The Former Manual Tolling Facilities Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6)

  4. Current Vignette System / 1

  5. Current Vignette System / 2 Structure of the Vignette System in 2007 Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Four user charge categories: • D1  3.5 t  D2  7.5 t  D3  12 t  D4(7.5 t buses: 1 category ) • Four network extensions widening by categories: • for D1, D2, D3, D4 exempted m’way & e’way sections: 44 km, • for D1 only on m’ways (with exemptedby-passing sections): 668 km, • for D2, D3, D4 on m’way by-passes as well + e’ways: 221 km, • for D4 on 42 trunk road sections around the country as well: 470 km, • (above the 933 km speedway network) totally charged: 1359 km. • Five validity periods: • valid for 1 calendar day (for D2, D3, D4), • valid for 4 consecutive days (for D1with a summer season price), • valid for 10 consecutive days, • valid for 31 consecutive days, • yearly vignette (from January 1 to the next January 31).

  6. Current Vignette System / 3

  7. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 1 Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) The Main Weakness of the Vignette System The virtual toll level will further decrease with 40% by 2013!

  8. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 2 Reasons to Shift to Mileage Charging Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • 31% of traffic outputs caused by foreign vehiclesbut only27% of income is generated by foreign vehicles; • 63% of 1 day truck vignettes bought by foreign vehicles, they pay less / km in a transit trip than a domestic personal car pays / km in a year; • 150 countries & more than 3 m registered licence plates:personal cars: 55% domestic users;goods vehicles: 75% foreign users; • average off motorway trip length: 38 km (no vignette)average on motorway trip length: 173 km (vignette).

  9. (km) Source: Transman Kft. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 3(in 2006) Average distribution functions for the mileage charging and the vignette system Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6)

  10. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 4(in 2006) Cost Allocation Study Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Calculation of cost generation share by vehicle categories for cost components & road categories. • Toll level depending category multipliers were recommended (4 categories / basic toll levels in 2005 terms): • cost recovery: 1,0-1,3-2,0-5,3 4,7 HUF/km, • virtual from vignettes: 1,0-1,3-2,0-5,3 5,6 HUF/km, • low: 1,0-1,4-2,2-5,5 7,5 HUF/km, • acceptable: 1,0-2,0-3,0-4,2 12,0 HUF/km, • European average: 1,0-2,0-3,0-4,2 17,0 HUF/km, • optimum for disposable income: 1,0-1,4-2,0-2,5 22,0 HUF/km, • maximum income: 1,0-1,4-2,0-3,1 30,0 HUF/km.

  11. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 5(in 2006) Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) The Forecast Scenarios • Forecasts for 4 road network schemes: • only motorways with free sections, • only motorways, no free sections, • motorways & expressways, no free sections, • motorways &expressways + parallel roads for goods vehicles. • Calculation of sensitivity analysis for 7 mileage depending toll levels + the vignette system. • Lower than „European average” toll levels had a 10 years catch up period  higher revenue growth. • Forecasts for: 2008, 2010, 2015, 2020.

  12. Toll Incomes(billion HUF) Network Schemes Toll levels forsensitivity: Source: Bauconsult Kft. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 6(in 2006) Sensitivity Results / 1 Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6)

  13. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 7(in 2006 & 2007) Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) Toll LevelProportional Comparison / any Category

  14. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 8(in 2007) Feasibility Study Inputs Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • With a restriction of the cases evaluated in 2006 to a more reasonable set of varieties new calculations: • motorways & expressways + transit („E”) roads + all trunk roads; • „do nothing” case: the pure vignette system; • mixed tariff model (Vignette  3,5 t < ETC),alternative tariff model (choice: Vignette or ETC  3,5 t < ETC),only ETC tariff model (ETC for all vehicle categories), • 3 networks × 3 tariff choices × 3 toll levels = 27 cases. • For a 5 years operational project term (2009-2013). • A feasibility study calculated the costs for the different cases, to predict the results of the new ETC system.

  15. Toll Incomes(billion HUF) Tariff Choices &Network Schemes Toll levels forsensitivity: Source: Bauconsult Kft. Traffic & Revenue Forecasts / 9(in 2007) Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) Sensitivity Results / 2 Sensitivity Results / 2

  16. Frame of a New Toll Policy / 1 Proportionality & Equity in All Dimensions Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Under the user & polluter pays principles: • user charges & tolls should cover infrastructure costs of mainly the (extra) service levels (basically as service fees on m’ways & e’ways); • charging for geographical & time dependent mitigation measures (from beginning to avoid diverting heavy vehicle traffic,but later for demand management for all categories); • charges & tolls should gradually include externalities as well. • Proportional burden should be implemented between: • frequent & infrequent users (mileage charging); • vehicle categories according to their cost generation share; • service levels of roads if it does not cause measurable diversion to lover level roads.

  17. Frame of a New Toll Policy / 2 Gradual Implementation in Different Dimensions Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Proportionality differences should be alleviated from bigger to smaller ones: • those should pay more (or real usage dependent) first whose participation in the cost allocation is much deviated from (lower than) the justifiable level; • incentives should be given for more environmentally friendly vehicles (from beginning preferably); • introduced measures should be operable & enforceable at an economically feasible level. • Setting of user charge and toll levels should take into account social & economical affordability at any time.

  18. Frame of a New Toll Policy / 3 The Most Important Changes with ETC Solution Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • To stop devaluation of flat rate vignette incomes user charges & tolls together should cover at least yearly operation, maintenance and reconstruction costs of the charged network. • To meet this target first the more heavy vehicles will be shifted to mileage dependent toll aiming at to avoid international traffic diversion because of neighbouring foreign charging systems as well. • The network extension will cover gradually the road network from higher to lower level with a possibility for a total coverage for the heaviest one in the future.

  19. Frame of a New Toll Policy / 4 The Usage of Incomes Generated by Tolling Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • The incomes form road user charges & tolls should be earmarked for the charged road network to keep and improve the service level & mitigate environmental effects of the given sections or on the physically or functionally competing roads. • The incomes from demand management like charging parts should be allocated for environmental purposes, other transport modes or for the public transport. • The amount and usage of incomes should be published regularly.

  20. Scope of the ETC System / 1 Forecasted J3+J4 Category Traffic in 2009

  21. Scope of the ETC System / 2 Optimisation of the Network Extension Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Sorting of trunk road sections by revenue generation

  22. Scope of the ETC System / 3 Optimisation of the Network Extension Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Where is the Optimum Extension?

  23. Scope of the ETC System / 4 ETC Solution Should Cover Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • New vehicle categories (above 3.5 t + starting tolls in 2007 terms): • J2: all buses & goods vehicles with 2 axles: 26,50 HUF/km • J3: goods vehicles with 3 axles: 33,00 HUF/km • J4: goods vehicles with 4 or more axles: 40,00 HUF/km • Network length: in 2008: 3,500 km in 2013: 4,100 km speedways: 1.000 km 1,500 km parallel roads: 1,000 km 1,400 km other trunk roads: 1,500 km 1,200 km • Traffic in AADT: in 2008: 0,000 v/d in 2013: 0,000 v/d speedways: 3,410 v/d3,060v/d parallel roads: 950 v/d910v/d other trunk roads: 1,560v/d 1,740v/d • Incomes: in 2008: 26 mHUF/km in 2013: 34 mHUF/km speedways: 61 mHUF/km 64 mHUF/km parallel roads: 6 mHUF/km 12 mHUF/km other trunk roads: 12 mHUF/km 23 mHUF/km

  24. Scope of the ETC System / 5 Enforcement is Key Element of Free Flow Tolling Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Where is the economic optimum of enforcement levels  cost & total system income (fraudulent user rate)? • Performance level of the enforcement is calculated in origin & destination models ( charged traffic output). • Optimising the number of fixed enforcement sections +mobile enforcement vehicles & their shifts. • Precise mapping of fixed enforcement sections. • The enforcement part of the ETC system should be implemented & operated by ÁAK Zrt.(State Motorway Managing Co. Ltd.)

  25. Scope of the ETC System / 6 Scope of ETC Services to be Tendered Tolling History in Hungary (1-2) Current Vignette System (1-3) Traffic & Revenue Forecasts (1-9) Frame of a New Toll Policy (1-4) Scope of the ETC System (1-6) • Tendering & contracting by Coordination Centre for Transport Development (former UKIG, now: KKK). • Mileage based multilane free flow system which can distinguish: • the section, time, distance of usage, • the exempted vehicles, • the vehicle categories, • the environmental sub-categories. • Design, finance, 5 years of operation, with a call option or transfer at the end of the project life time.

  26. Thank You for the Attention! Workshop on Road User Charging Systems, Warsaw, June 12, 2007

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