Secession and the Start of the War

1. After the election of Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina passed a secession ordinance on December 20, 1860. Secession and the Start of the War Abraham Lincoln

2. Mississippi,Florida, Alabama,Georgia, Louisiana,and Texas soon followed ( 7 states total )and formed the Confederate States of America ( CSA). Jefferson Davis was elected as the President of the CSA. A Nation Divided Jefferson Davis

3. North vs. South: Advantages and Disadvantages • North- Advantages: • Had industries and resources to wage war • Had larger population – 21.5 million • Had established government • Had an army and navy • Had support of runaway slaves • North- Disadvantages: • Had to invade and defeat the South • Had inadequate Generals

4. South- Advantages • Fighting on home soil to protect home, family and way of life • Had excellent Generals • More familiar with guns and horses. • To win, they needed to keep the North out and fight a defensive war • South – Disadvantages • Less population - 9 million ( almost 3 million were slaves) • Almost no industrialization • Almost no resources • Had to create a central government • Had to create a navy and army

5. Multiple Causes of the Civil WarSectional tensions and political failures • 1. 3/5 Compromise ( 1787) - led to increased sectionalism • 2. Cotton Gin – 1793- Led to greater demand for slaves in the deep South. • 3. Louisiana Purchase 1803 – As America pushed westward, the issue of more slavery became more controversial. • 4. Missouri Compromise 1820- Sectional differences are temporarily settled between representation of slave and free states. • 5. Nullification Crisis- 1832 First act of defiance from a Southern state threatening secession. • .

6. 6. Compromise of 1850- Issue of slavery in the territories intensified. • 7. Fugitive Slave Law- Extremely controversial and angered Northerners • 8. 1852- Uncle Tom’s Cabin - a novel written by Harriett Beecher Stowe which examined the cruelty of slavery as a moral issue and intensified the animosity between the North and South. • 9. Kansas –Nebraska Act of 1854- Pro and anti slavery supporters flood into Kansas and vote and then fight for their position on slavery. • Bleeding Kansas- Demonstrated that people were willing to die for their beliefs which left little room for compromise. • 10. Dred Scott Decision- The Supreme Court decision stated that slavery was legal in all territories and the Missouri Compromise was therefore unconstitutional. No room for compromises remained. • 11. John Brown’s Raid on the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry- 1859- The attempt by Brown to arm slaves and lead to a massive slave uprising convinced many Southerners that war now inevitable. • 12. Election of Abraham Lincoln- Southerners felt that the US no longer represented the interest of the South and South Carolina seceded followed by Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. • .

7. Overall Causes • Sectional disagreements over tariffs, states’ rights, and the extension of slavery in the territories. • Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slavery • Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850’s • Failed compromises • President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861 • The first 7 Southern States form the Confederate States of America and demand the removal of all Federal troops. • After the Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter in Charleston, SC; Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA. • The Civil War Begins.

8. A Nation Divided MI . 1861= 11 Confederate States 19 Union States 4 Border States West Virginia joins Union in 1863 = 20 Union States

9. Confederate Flag • “Stars and Bars” “ Southern Cross” Official Flag Battle Flag

10. April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m. Confederates fire upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War begins. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA Total 11 Confederate States CSA Capitol- Richmond, Va. Civil War Begins Fort Sumter

11. July 21, 1861- First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Confederate victory Thomas J. Jackson earns his nickname, “Stonewall” , as his brigade resists Union attacks The nation realizes this will be a long war. Stonewall Jackson

12. Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson in Tennessee Heavy losses at Battle of Shiloh – Union victory Memphis and New Orleans-Unionvictories Ulysses S. Grant Western Theatre 1862

13. March 8,9 Battle of first two “Ironclads” the Monitor and Merrimac off Hampton Roads, Virginia CSA Virginia (ex Merrimac) Monitor Eastern Theatre 1862 “Tin can on a shingle”

14. Peninsula Campaign - 1862 Union Gen. McClellan advances toward Richmond. McClellan is defeated by Robert E. Lee at Seven Pines and 7 Days Battle. Confederate victories. Gen. McClellan

15. General Robert E. Lee is named Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Gen. Robert E. Lee

16. August 29,30 1862- 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Confederate Forces defeat Union forces, under the command or a new Union commander, General Pope. Bull Run Creek

17. September 17, 1862 General Lee invades into Maryland ( to take the war out of Virginia and force a surrender) and retreats after the bloody battle of Antietam Bloodiest day of the war. Confederate dead at Miller’s cornfield

18. December 13, 1862 Union forces under Gen. Burnside suffer a crushing defeat at Fredericksburg, Va., after 14 assaults on Marye’s Heights. Fredericksburg, Va.

19. Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation- freeing slaves held in Confederate territories The war now is to preserve the Union and to end slavery Leads to the 13th Amendment- which abolished slavery. 1863

20. May 1-4, 1863 Union forces under Gen. Hooker are defeated at Chancellorsville, Va. General Lee divided his Confederate Army, twice, and still defeated Hooker. At Chancellorsville, Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is accidentally shot and killed by his own men. Stonewall Jackson Jackson has his left arm amputated. Lee states he has lost his right arm.

21. July- 1863 Union General Grant begins siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

22. Gettysburg -Turning Point • July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. • Gen. Lee invades into Pennsylvania, hoping to force an end to the war. • Pickett’s Charge- on July 3 - represented a gallant Confederate charge which ended in disaster. • General Lee is defeated by General Meade. • This battle Represents the beginning of the end for the Confederacy

24. Gettysburg Photos • July 3, 1863 Day 3 Union position- The Fish Hook

25. The Ditch

26. November 19, 1863 Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address This address honors the fallen and restates the desire for a united nation under new freedoms. Lincoln also believed the Civil War was a Second American Revolution. Page 1 Gettysburg Address Score = 20 years 4 score and 7 = 87 years.

27. Gettysburg Address

28. July 4, 1863- Vicksburg falls to Union forces- led by Gen. Grant. • Union now controls the Mississippi River and the Confederacy is split.

29. 1864 • General Grant given command of Northern forces and invades Virginia with over 120,000 troops • May- battle of the Wilderness-Confederate victory • May, 1864- Lee and Grant fight to a draw at Spotsylvania Court House • June, 1864- at Cold Harbor, Union forces suffer heavy losses, but Grant continues to pursue Lee.

30. June- 1864 Grant lays siege to Petersburg, Va. Union troops dig a tunnel under Confederate lines and set off kegs of gunpowder to get behind Confederate lines. The hole was called the “ Crater.” This plan failed. Siege cannon-called the Dictator

31. September 2, 1864 Union forces under Gen. W. T. Sherman capture Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta, Ga. William Tecumseh Sherman

32. Nov. - Dec. 1864- “Sherman’s March to the Sea” Sherman’s march from Atlanta to Savannah- a destructive path 60 miles wide. Estimated worth of destruction- 80 million- to destroy the South’s will to fight Sherman then moves north and burns Columbia, SC.

33. April 2, 1865 Confederates evacuate Petersburg and Richmond and head West. Richmond, Va. 1865

34. April 9, 1865- General Robert E. Lee surrenders Confederate Army to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House Union is saved. McLean House- site of surrender Civil War Ends

35. April 14, 1865 Lincoln is assassinated at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth Petersen House – where Lincoln died Lincoln’s Funeral Assassination of Lincoln John Wilkes Booth

36. Four conspirators • Hanging. Sic Semper Tyrannis - Thus always to tyrants

37. Toll of the War • 620,000 dead • 50,000 amputees • Southern cities lay in ruins • Southern railroads destroyed

38. Civil Wa Recon. pp Review.pptx

39. Create a three color Key: Color Union, Confederate and Border StatesYou may add WV in 1863 M