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Gregorian Chant: its origins and development

Gregorian Chant: its origins and development. Brandon D. Faciane. Orgins of Chant. Chant grows out of the Jewish tradition of singing songs in the synagogue. Chant was adopted by the Christian church around the sixth century and was widely used in Christian liturgies.

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Gregorian Chant: its origins and development

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  1. Gregorian Chant: its origins and development Brandon D. Faciane

  2. Orgins of Chant • Chant grows out of the Jewish tradition of singing songs in the synagogue. • Chant was adopted by the Christian church around the sixth century and was widely used in Christian liturgies.

  3. How did Gregorian Chant develop? • Chant arose out of a need for the sacred texts to be heard, especially as Christian congregations became larger and Christian worship became more structured. • Over time, chant became more elaborate or melismatic, more pitches sung on one syllable.

  4. Why is chant called “Gregorian”? • Attributed to Pope Gregory I (590-604). Although his writing of most of the chants falls in the realm of pious legend. • The style of old Roman chant takes precedence thanks mostly to the Emperor Charlemagne who sends for cantors from Rome to teach the Roman style of chant singing to monasteries and cathedrals in his realm.

  5. Introducing the Father of staff notation: Guido d’arezzo • Benedictine monk of St. Maur des Fosses near Paris. • Invented a system of notation using a staff. • Also first to use syllables to teach pitches which later became known as solfege. This method of instruction is still in use throughout the world.

  6. The Church Modes • Eight in Number • Derived from the modes of ancient Greece. • Consisted of an authentic mode and a plagalmode. • Names: Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, Lydian, Hypolydian, Mixolydian, Hypomixolydian.

  7. Neumes, neumesand more neumes • Neumesare the notes that appear on staff developed by Guido d’arezzo. From the Greek word neuma meaning “note” or “sign”. • Neumescan be generally catorgorized into simple and compound. • Simple neum: denoting up to three pitches. • Compound neumes: combinations of simple neums to create melismas.

  8. Examples of simple neumes

  9. Resources • http://mw.mcmaster.ca/scriptorium/images/5070w.html • http://mw.mcmaster.ca/scriptorium/images/5070w.html • http://pianomom7.blogspot.com/2009/01/catholic-worship.html • http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Trappist/english/resources/photos/sacred/06_chanting.html • http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mcgee411/GHTOUT/Charlemagne-bio.html • http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1668 • http://mycolormusic.com/2009/09/23/quiz-2/ • http://www.orchestralist.net/olist/huhand.php • http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/activities/view.cfm?id=1113 • http://fetusveneris.com/?p=37 • http://www.guitarpress.com/hsp3a.html • http://books.google.com/books?id=-iHRyF5tP1UC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=simple+neumes&source=bl&ots=jh48mw0RdO&sig=PejJXLRVfGJS4LYpZLN0yizYPsQ&hl=en&ei=UlsGTeDaONCnnge-ibzlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=simple%20neumes&f=false • http://www.notaquadrata.ca/faq.html

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