Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. What are variables?

1. Journal Question • Answer using complete sentences. • What are variables? • Describe the three types of variables. • Independent • Dependent • Controlled 0 70 140 130 60 50 40 30 120 9 8 7 6 10 5 4 3 2 180 20 90 160 150 170 1 100 110 Time Remaining: Seconds

2. Variables are things that may change during an experiment. An independent variable is something that the scientist chooses to change. It is changed on purpose. It is sometimes called a manipulated variable. A dependent variable is something that changes because of the independent variable. It is what the scientist observes and measures. It is sometimes called the responding variable. A controlled variable is something that could change, but the scientist makes sure it doesn’t. They are sometimes called constants.

3. Wednesday, September 4, 2013 Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. Describe OBSERVATION and INFERENCE. 0 70 140 130 60 50 40 30 120 9 8 7 6 10 5 4 3 2 180 20 90 160 150 170 1 100 110 Time Remaining: Seconds

4. An observation is information collected with the senses. In science, observations must be facts (supported by evidence). An inference is a conclusion or deduction made from observations.

5. Thursday, September 5 , 2013 Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. What is the difference between a FACT and an OPINION? 60 140 130 120 50 0 40 30 70 9 8 7 6 10 5 4 3 2 180 20 90 160 150 170 100 110 1 Time Remaining: Seconds

6. A FACT is an observation that is true for everyone. There is EVIDENCE to support it. An OPINION is a belief based on personal preference.

7. Friday, September 6 , 2013 Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. What is the difference between EFFECT and AFFECT? 60 140 130 120 50 0 40 30 70 9 8 7 6 10 5 4 3 2 180 20 90 160 150 170 100 110 1 Time Remaining: Seconds

8. Effect is a noun; it refers to the outcome or result of an investigation. Affectis a verb; it means to influence or act upon something.

9. Journal Question Answer using a complete sentence. Why is SAFETY such an important issue in science? 180 80 20 160 90 170 150 110 100 1 You have this much time remaining: Seconds

10. Safety is very important in science to keep students safe and healthy. It is also important to keep from damaging equipment and supplies.

11. Journal Question Answer using a complete sentence. Explain the term HYPOTHESIS 160 90 170 150 110 100 1 You have this much time remaining: Seconds

12. A hypothesis is a special kind of prediction. It is an education guess about the relationship between variables. It can be tested with a scientific investigation. A hypothesis can be written as an If, Then statement. Independent and dependent variables can be identified in this type of statement.

13. Journal Question Answer using a complete sentence. Describe at least three things you should be careful to do when designing an experiment. 80 20 160 90 170 150 110 100 1 You have this much time remaining: Seconds

14. Things to keep in mind when designing a good experiment are: Make sure the question is testable. Conduct enough trials to get sufficient data. Measure carefully. Consider safety. Prepare good data tables so that data collection is accurate. Control as many variables as possible.

15. Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. Students filled four identical glass beakers with the amount of water shown in the table below. Using a hot plate, the students heated the water in the two beakers to 60 °C and allowed the water to cool for a period of time. The water in the two other beakers was heated to 80 °C and allowed to cool for the same period of time. The table shows the final water temperature in each beaker. What are two conclusions that the students should draw about factors affecting the cooling rate of water? 130 120 60 70 40 50 30 10 140 8 7 6 5 4 9 3 2 0 80 180 20 160 90 150 170 100 110 1 Seconds Time Remaining:

16. One conclusion is that the hotter water is, the faster it cools. For the 200 mL samples, the hotter sample lost 22 °C, and the cooler one lost 14 °C. For the 400 mL samples, the hotter one lost 13 °C, and the cooler one lost 8 °C. Another conclusion is that larger volumes of water cool more slowly. For the samples at 80 °C, the larger one lost 13 °C, and the smaller one lost 22 °C in the same amount of time. The cooler water samples followed the same pattern.

17. Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. A student wants to know if the mass of a magnet determines how strong the magnet is. Draw and label a chart or table that could be used to organize the data collected in this experiment. 130 120 60 70 40 50 30 10 140 8 7 6 5 4 9 3 2 0 80 180 20 160 90 150 170 100 110 1 Seconds Time Remaining:

18. I. V. Data

19. Journal Question Answer using complete sentences. What is a DESCRIPTIVE INVESTIGATION? 130 120 60 70 40 50 30 10 140 8 7 6 5 4 9 3 2 0 80 180 20 160 90 150 170 100 110 1 Seconds Time Remaining:

20. A descriptive investigation is one in which variables are not manipulated or controlled. There is no hypothesis, but there may be a prediction. Data may be qualitative or quantitative.