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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: Exploration and Expansion Section 2: The Atlantic Slave Trade Section 3: Colonial Latin America Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. How are the Americas linked to Africa?

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:Exploration and Expansion Section 2:The Atlantic Slave Trade Section 3:Colonial Latin America Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. How are the Americas linked to Africa? The demand for enslaved Africans increased dramatically after Europeans began to settle in the Americas. The Cape Coast Castle in Ghana is one of the forts where enslaved Africans were held until ships arrived to take them to the Americas. This fort could hold about 1,500 slaves usually locked in dark, crowded dungeons for many weeks. Today, the Cape Coast Castle contains a museum that allows people to learn about slavery. In this chapter you will learn about the exploration of new lands and its global impact. • Why might people want to visit the Cape Coast Castle? • Does slavery occur in any parts of the world today? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Intro

  5. Chapter Intro

  6. Exploration and Expansion In what ways did European nations prosper through exploration in the fifteenth century? Chapter Intro 1

  7. The Atlantic Slave Trade How did European expansion and the slave trade affect the people of Africa? Chapter Intro 2

  8. Colonial Latin America How did Portugal and Spain profit from their colonies in Latin America? Chapter Intro 3

  9. Chapter Preview-End

  10. The BIG Idea Competition Among CountriesEuropeans began exploring the world in the 1400s, and several nations experienced economic heights through worldwide trade. Section 1-Main Idea

  11. Content Vocabulary • conquistadors • encomienda • Columbian Exchange Academic Vocabulary • overseas • percent Section 1-Key Terms

  12. People and Places • Hernán Cortés • Portugal • Vasco da Gama • Melaka • Christopher Columbus • Cuba • Ferdinand Magellan • John Cabot • Amerigo Vespucci • Montezuma • Francisco Pizarro Section 1-Key Terms

  13. A B Do you think spreading religion is a justifiable reason for colonizing native peoples? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  14. Motives and Means Europeans began to explore distant lands, motivated by religious zeal and the promise of gold and glory. Section 1

  15. Motives and Means (cont.) • Five European powers, led by Portugal and Spain, engaged in an age of exploration. All rose to new economic heights. • Motives for European exploration include “God, glory, and gold” • Economic interests – Europeans wanted to expand trade and locate spices and precious metals. European Voyages of Discovery Section 1

  16. Motives and Means (cont.) • Religious zeal – Explorers such as HernánCortéswere interested in sharing the Catholic faith with native peoples. • There was an increased desire for grandeur, glory, and the spirit of adventure. European Voyages of Discovery Section 1

  17. A B C D What prevented Europeans from traveling overland to Asia? A.There was a lack of technology. B.The Ottoman Turks controlled trade routes. C.The climate was too harsh. D.The pope forbade transactions with non-Christians. Section 1

  18. A Race for Riches Portuguese and Spanish explorers took the lead in discovering new lands. Section 1

  19. A Race for Riches (cont.) • Portugaltook the lead in European exploration under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator. • Portuguese ships traveled along the western coast of Africa, finding gold and other goods. • VascodeGamatraveled around the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa, and landed in India in 1498. Section 1

  20. A Race for Riches (cont.) • The Portuguese captured the important port city of Melaka on the Malay Peninsula, which enabled the Portuguese to control the spice trade that had been dominated by Arab traders. • The Portuguese used seamanship, guns, and treaties to control the spice trade. However, they did not have the people, wealth, or desire to expand their empire in Asia. Section 1

  21. A Race for Riches (cont.) • ChristopherColumbuswas an explorer who sailed for Spain. Columbus searched for a western route to Asia and landed at Cubaand Hispaniola in 1492. • The Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellansailed around the tip of South America and into the Pacific Ocean. Magellan is credited with being the first person to circumnavigate the globe. Section 1

  22. A Race for Riches (cont.) • In 1494, Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, separating control of the newly discovered lands. • JohnCabot, a Venetian, explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England. • The writings of Amerigo Vespucci, a Florentine mapmaker, led to the use of the name “America” for the newly discovered lands in the western hemisphere. Section 1

  23. A B C D Why did Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas? A.To convert all native peoples to Catholicism B.To defend all new lands from England and France C.To divide control of the new lands D.To prevent non-Catholic nations from exploring the new lands Section 1

  24. The Spanish Empire The great Aztec and Inca civilizations succumbed to the Spanish. Section 1

  25. The Spanish Empire (cont.) • The Spanish conquistadorsestablished an overseas empire in the Americas. • In 1519 Hernán Cortés and his Spanish allies were welcomed into Tenochtitlán by the Aztec monarch Montezuma. The Spanish were expelled from the city one year later. • When the Spaniards left, smallpox devastated the Aztec capital. The Spanish returned and captured the city, and the Aztec Empire was destroyed. Section 1

  26. The Spanish Empire (cont.) • In 1530 FranciscoPizarroled an expedition into the Inca Empire. Like the Aztec, the Incas were no match for Spanish disease, guns, and horses. • Pizarro established a new capital for the Spanish colony at Lima. • The Spanish used a system of colonial administration called the encomiendasystem— the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers. Section 1

  27. The Spanish Empire (cont.) • Spanish landowners could use Native Americans for labor in return for protection and converting them to Christianity. • Native American political and social structures were torn apart and replaced by European systems of religion, language, and government. • The exchange of plants, animals, and disease between Europe and the Americas is known as the Columbian Exchange. Section 1

  28. A B C D Which of the following was sent from the Americas to Europe? A.Wheat B.Horses C.Cattle D.Potatoes Section 1

  29. European Rivals The Portuguese and Spanish found new rivals in the Dutch, French, and English for trading rights and for new lands. Section 1

  30. European Rivals (cont.) • The Dutch formed the East India Company to compete with the English and Portuguese for the Indian Ocean trade. • The Dutch also formed the West India Company to compete with the Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas. • By the early seventeen century, the Dutch established settlements in North America such as New Netherland. Section 1

  31. European Rivals (cont.) • In the 1600s, the French colonized parts of present-day Louisiana and regions of Canada. • The English began to settle the eastern seaboard of North America and islands in the Caribbean Sea. • In 1664, the English seized the harbor of New Netherland from the Dutch and renamed it New York. Section 1

  32. A B C D Which European power colonized the region of Canada? A.England B.France C.The Netherlands D.Spain Section 1

  33. Section 1-End

  34. The BIG Idea Human RightsEuropean expansion affected Africa with the dramatic increase of the slave trade. Section 2-Main Idea

  35. Content Vocabulary • colony • mercantilism • balance of trade • subsidies • plantations • triangular trade • Middle Passage Academic Vocabulary • transportation • primary Section 2-Key Terms

  36. People and Places • King Afonso • Benin Section 2-Key Terms

  37. A B Do you think slavery still exists in the world today? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

  38. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism The slave trade increased as enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas. Section 2

  39. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.) • The nations of Europe created trading empires and established coloniesin the Americas and in the East. • Colonies were an integral part of mercantilism, an economic theory based on gold and a limited amount of wealth inthe world. Section 2

  40. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.) • Colonies provided raw materials and markets for finished goods. • To bring in more gold, nations tried to have a favorable balance of trade and export more goods than they imported. • To encourage exports, governments granted subsidiesand improved transportation systems. Section 2

  41. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.) • Slavery had existed since ancient times, and African slaves served as domestic servants in Southwest Asia. • The demand for slaves changed dramatically with the introduction of sugarcane. Labor was needed to work the plantationswhere sugarcane was grown. Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s Section 2

  42. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.) • Slaves became an important commodity in the triangular tradethat connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • As many as 10 million African slaves may have been brought to the Americas between 1500 and the late 1800s. Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s Section 2

  43. Trade, Colonies, and Mercantilism (cont.) • One reason for the high number of exported slaves was the high mortality rate, especially during the MiddlePassage, the journey across the Atlantic Ocean. • The slave trade devastated the population of African communities near the coastal regions. • Some African rulers, such as King Afonso, protested but were ignored by African and European slave traders. Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500–1600s Section 2

  44. A B C D What caused the demand for slaves to increase? A.The Treaty of Tordesillas B.The need to populate the Americas C.The introduction of sugarcane D.To maintain a balance of trade between Africa and Europe Section 2

  45. Effects of the Slave Trade The slave trade led to depopulation, increased warfare, and devastation for many African states. Section 2

  46. Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.) • Effects of the slave trade in Africa: • depopulated areas • increased warfare • loss of the strongest and youngest men and women Section 2

  47. Effects of the Slave Trade (cont.) • Beninwas transformed from a brilliant society into a brutal, war-ravaged region following the introduction of slavery. • The use of enslaved Africans was widely accepted until the Society of Friends began to condemn it in the 1770s. • The French abolished slavery in the 1790s; the English abolished slavery in 1807; and slavery continued in the United States until the 1860s. Section 2

  48. A B C D Which group condemned slavery and began an anti-slavery movement in Europe? A.Beninnites B.French Revolutionary Society C.Society of Friends D.European Anti-Slavery Coalition Section 2

  49. Section 2-End

  50. The BIG Idea Competition Among CountriesPortugal and Spain reaped profits from the natural resources and products of their Latin American colonies. Section 3-Main Idea

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