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Psychological Therapies

Psychological Therapies. Therapy. It used to be that if someone exhibited abnormal behavior, they were institutionalized. Because of new drugs and better therapy, the U.S. went to a policy of deinstitutionalization. Somatic Therapies (psychiatrist or clinical psychologist?).

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Psychological Therapies

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  1. Psychological Therapies

  2. Therapy • It used to be that if someone exhibited abnormal behavior, they were institutionalized. • Because of new drugs and better therapy, the U.S. went to a policy of deinstitutionalization.

  3. Somatic Therapies(psychiatrist or clinical psychologist?) Psychopharmacology • Antipsychotics (thorazine, haldol) • Anti-anxiety (valium, barbiturates, Xanax) • Mood Disorders (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) • Bipolar (lithium)

  4. Psychopharmacology • The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

  5. Antianxiety Drugs • Includes drugs like Valium,Xanax Librium. • Like alcohol, they depress nervous system activity. • Most widely abused drugs. Do they really solve the problem?

  6. Lithium chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders

  7. Antidepressant Drugs • Lift you up out of depression. Most increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and serotonin.

  8. Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft • Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

  9. Drugs and Hospitalization

  10. Somatic Therapy • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)- for depression. • Psychosurgury lobotomy

  11. Psychotherapy • An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

  12. Psychoanalytic Therapywhat name???what time of life??? • Psychoanalysis (manifest and latent content through…. hypnosis free association, dream, interpretation). • Unconscious • Transference

  13. Transference • In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.

  14. How effect is Psychotherapy? • Eysenck’s challenge in 1950’s • Meta-analysis ( statistically combining the results of many different studies)

  15. Humanistic Therapypast or present??? Schizophrenics? • Client-Centered Therapy by Carl Rogers • These are non-directive therapies and use active listening. • Self-actualization, free-will and unconditional positive regard. • Gestalt Therapy by Fritz Perls encourage clients to get in touch with whole self.

  16. Most widely used Humanistic technique is: Client (Person) Centered Therapy • Developed by Carl Rogers • Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and empathy to show unconditional positiveregard towards their clients.

  17. Active Listening • Central to Roger’s client-centered therapy • Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates and clarifies.

  18. Behavioral Therapieshere and now/anyone other than schiz Counterconditioning 1. Classical Conditioning 2. Aversive Conditioning 3. Systematic desensitization 4.Flooding 5.Operant Conditioning 6.Token Economy

  19. Behavior Therapies • Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. • The behaviors are the problems- so we must change the behaviors.

  20. Classical Conditioning Techniques Counterconditioning: • A behavioral therapy that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors. Two Types:

  21. Systematic Desensitization • A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. How would I use systematic desensitization to reduce my fear of old dentists?

  22. ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC DESENSITIZATION

  23. Behavior Therapy • Systematic Desensitization

  24. Flooding

  25. Aversive Conditioning What are some ways you can change the behaviors of your friends with aversive conditioning who bite their fingernails?

  26. Aversive Conditioning • A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. How would putting poop on the fingernails of a nail biter effect their behavior?

  27. Aversive Conditioning

  28. Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy

  29. Operant Conditioning Token Economy: an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

  30. Cognitive Therapy • Change the way we view the world (change our schemas) • Aaron Beck • Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Therapy

  31. Cognitive Therapy

  32. Cognitive Therapies • A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

  33. Cognitive Therapy • Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking. Is .300 a good or bad batting average?

  34. Cognitive Therapy

  35. Aaron Beck and his view of Depression • Noticed that depressed people were similar in the way they viewed the world. • Used cognitive therapy get people to take off the “dark sunglasses” in which they view their surroundings

  36. Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work?

  37. Group Therapy

  38. Eclectic Approach • The most popular form of therapy- it is basically a smorgasbord where the therapist combines techniques from different schools of psychology.

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