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Justice As Fairness

Justice As Fairness. Rawls' theory--. justice as fairness --is a social contract theory. . Because he references Kant's Categorical Imperative some people claim Rawls' theory is Kantian.

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Justice As Fairness

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  1. Justice As Fairness • Rawls' theory--. justice as fairness--is a social contract theory. . • Because he references Kant's Categorical Imperative some people claim Rawls' theory is Kantian. • Rawls' is a liberal theory, meaning primarily that he favors a society designed to help out the less fortunate individuals.

  2. The Original Position • people imagine themselves without any government and rationally discuss what sort of government could be supported by a social contract and achieve justice. • Rawls uses the original position as classical contractarians used the “state of nature” as a heuristic to help determine what basic principles should govern any society.

  3. The Veil of Ignorance • Behind the veil of ignorance, a person does not know • class position or social status, • natural talents, abilities, intelligence or strength, and • what his/her plan for a good life is.

  4. The Maximin Rule • Under a condition of profound ignorance of consequences, the rational person will want to pick the option offering the least bad alternative. • In constructing a society, a rational person would pick the society that has its least fortunate individuals in the least unfortunate situation.

  5. Two Basic Principles of Justice • Each person should get an equal guarantee to as many different liberties--and as much of those liberties--as can be guaranteed to everyone else at the same time. • Inequalities in society are okay only if they are arranged so that the • inequalities actually help out the least fortunate persons in society and • the inequalities are connected to positions or offices or jobs in society that everyone has an equal opportunity to attain.

  6. The liberties Rawls supports: • political liberty (the right to vote and to be eligible for public office) • freedom of speech and assembly • liberty of conscience and freedom of thought • freedom of the person along with the right to hold (personal) property • freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure

  7. The inequalities Rawls references: • inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth • inequalities set up by institutions that use differences in authority and responsibility or chains of command

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