Weather & Climate

1. Weather & Climate Intro to Weather Clip

2. Weather by Brainpop 1) What cycle is the basis of our weather? 2) What causes precipitation to occur? 3) Where do storms usually occur?

3. Weather • Temporary behavior of atmosphere (what’s going on at any certain time) • Small geographic area • Can change rapidly

4. Weather • --The study of weather is meteorology • --Someone who studies weather is called a meteorologist

5. Climate Types by Brainpop • .What is climate? • .Where are tropical climates most likely to be? • .What does “arid” mean?

6. Climate • Long-term behavior of atmosphere (100+ years) • Large geographic area • Very slow to change

10. What Factors Affect Weather & Climate? • The Sun • The Water Cycle • The Atmosphere • The Ocean

11. How Does the Sun Affect Weather? • It warms the atmosphere & oceans • It creates climate zones • It keeps the water cycle going • It affects weather patterns

12. REVIEW • Define weather: • Temporary behavior of the atmosphere, small area, and rapid change • Define climate: • Long term behavior of atmosphere, large area, and slow change • What four factors affect the weather • Sun, atmosphere, water cycle, and oceans

13. How Does the SunAffect Weather? • Radiation: energy transferred as waves The Sun and Weather

15. BrainPOP

17. How Does the Sun Affect Weather? • Conduction: energy transferred when molecules bump together The heat makes the copper atoms vibrate faster. These atoms in turn make the atoms near them vibrate faster. In this way the heat energy is gradually transferred along the rod from the hot end towards the cooler end. Good conductors of heat: Copper, gold, Aluminium Insulators (poor conductors): Wood, plastic, glass, china, cork  A saucepan is made of aluminium or copper which is a good conductor of heat. The handle is made of plastic or wood which is a poor conductor

19. How Does the Sun Affect Weather? • Convection: transfer of heat by FLOW of material; happens after the other two…

21. The Sun and Weather

22. The Sun and Weather

23. The Sun and Weather

24. The Sun and Weather

25. REFOCUS • Three types of heating: • Radiation • Convection • conduction

26. REVIEW • Define weather • Three types of climates • Three types of energy transference

27. The Water Cycle by Brainpop • What process must happen for clouds to form? • What is “collection”? • Name one way to conserve water.

28. The Water Cycle • All the water on the planet is recycled in this manner!

29. Parts of the Cycle • Evaporation—Water going from a liquid to a gas (gains energy from the sun) Evaporation

30. Parts of the Cycle • *Transpiration—evaporation of water from/out of plants. Locate this on the diagram! transpiration

31. Parts of the Cycle • Condensation—Water going from a gas to a liquid (cools or loses energy) • When this happens in the atmosphere, CLOUDS form.

32. Parts of the Cycle • Precipitation—when water falls out the atmosphere. Forms when the water droplets in clouds become too heavy to stay up. Rain Clip

33. How Hail is Formed

34. Parts of the Cycle • Collection- Water collects into streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, and oceans.

35. The Water Cycle Water Cycle by Brainpop

36. Earth’s Atmsophere by Brainpop • . What is ozone? • . What layer of the atmosphere does weather occur in? • . What 2 gases compose the most of Earth’s Atmosphere?

37. How does the atmosphere affect weather? How does the atmosphere affect weather? • The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth • Has five different layers; each has different properties • We’ll label them in just a minute… • Air Temperature and Pressure change with altitude • Weather occurs in the layer closest to Earth (troposphere) • The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth • Has five different layers; each has different properties • We’ll label them in just a minute… • Air Temperature and Pressure change with altitude • Weather occurs in the layer closest to Earth (troposphere)

38. Write in the labels! Exosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Ozone layer Stratosphere Troposphere

40. Fronts • = places where air masses meet • 4 Types: Warm, Cold, Occluded, Stationary • Each kind can bring different kinds of weather

41. Air Masses • = body of air with a certain temperature and moisture level • Can be warm or cold • Can contain a lot of moisture or not a lot of moisture

42. Long Rains Short Heavy Rains Occluded Front: Stationary Front: Drying of Air Mass Gentile Winds Light Rains

43. http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/crclm/act/gifs/fpr2.gifhttp://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/crclm/act/gifs/fpr2.gif • http://www.mesoscale.iastate.edu/agron206/animations/05_cnWfronts.html

46. REVIEW

47. Humidity by Brainpop • . What single factor controls humidity? • . What temperature air can hold the most water molecules? • . What causes water to evaporate into the atmosphere?

48. Relative Humidity • Measure of the amount of moisture in the air compared to what the air could hold • How “full” of water the air is • Expressed as % • 100% relative humidity = saturated air Relative Humidity Test Applet http://itg1.meteor.wisc.edu/wxwise/relhum/rhac.html

49. Relative Humidity Controlled by temperature 1. Warm air holds more moisture than cool air (more space for water vapor between air molecules) 2. As air warms, relative humidity decreases 3. As air cools, relative humidity increases

50. Dew Point • =Temperature at which the air is saturated (100% relative humidity) Several events can occur when the dew point temp. is reached: 1. If dew point temp. is above freezing: a. water vapor condenses as liquid b. dew will form on surfaces c. cloud droplets will form in air