Reading Focus How did Napoleon rise to power? How did Emperor Napoleon come to dominate Europe?

1. Napoleon’s Europe Main Idea Napoleon Bonaparte rose through military ranks to become emperor over France and much of Europe. • Reading Focus • How did Napoleon rise to power? • How did Emperor Napoleon come to dominate Europe? • What were Napoleon’s most important policies?

2. Opportunities for Glory • Napoleon, brilliant military leader • In charge of French interior at 26 • Invaded Italy and Egypt and won • French naval defeat by the British should have slowed Napoleon but he abandon his troops, went back to France, and exaggerated the success of the French military in the press. • Became national hero Napoleon’s Rise to Power Napoleon Bonaparte, ruthlessly ambitious, rose from army captain to ruler of France in a very short time. He took advantage of the turmoil of the French Revolution.

3. Napoleons Rise to Power Napoleon Seizes Power • The Directory was weak and ineffective • Many in France feared the royalists and the European opposition • In 1799 Napoleon became the first leader of the consulate in a coup d’état take over • Intense nationalism and tired of chaos, the people supported Napoleon

4. Summarize What events led to Napoleon’s rise to power? Answer(s): stopped royalists from regaining power, defended French interior, won battles in Italy, kept borders secure, won territory for France, covered up Battle of Nile, led coup d'état

5. Once France under control, Napoleon turned to Europe Napoleon crowns himself Submitted a plebiscite to ask voters for authority Emperor Napoleon I Desire for empire Wanted to rule Europe and the Americas French expedition to Saint Domingue (Haiti today) failed Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory and turned his focus to Europe Emperor Napoleon

6. Emperor Napoleon I

7. Quest to Conquer Europe • Napoleonic Wars Begin • France was the dominant power in Europe. • Wanted to defeat age old enemy UK. • A blockade plan called the Continental System prohibited trade with Britain. • Napoleon’s Navy lost the Battle of Trafalgar to the British but his Army won the Battle of Austerlitz near Vienna. • Battles with the English over Spain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula were successful but never won over the Spanish people who used a stealth and ambush fighting technique called guerilla warfare against French.

8. Austerlitz Austerlitz forces Austria to surrender and Russia to go home. It is also known as the Battle of the Three Emperor’s (1805).

9. Napoleon Dominates Europe • Mastered Most of Europe • Through treaties, alliances, and victories in battle • Controlled much of Europe by 1812, except Portugal, Sweden, Britain, Russia and Ottoman Empire • Free of Control • Great Britain remained an enemy • Many were allied, some under loose control • Rewarded Relatives • Relatives put in power; brothers on thrones within Empire • Sisters and stepson held powerful positions throughout Europe

12. Summarizing What regions of Europe did Napoleon dominate? Answer(s): all nations except Great Britain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire

13. Napoleon’s Policies • Church-State Relations • Antireligious nature of French Revolution over • Concordat recognized influence of Roman Catholic Church • Economic Reforms • Established the Bank of France to regulate economy • More efficient tax-collection system • Legal and Educational • Napoleonic Code developed • Order and authority over individual rights • Schools for government and military positions • Legacy—Age of Napoleon • Democratic ideas • Equality before law, representative system • Spread of nationalism

14. Identify Cause and Effect How did Napoleon’s reforms affect French society? Answer(s): Napoleon made some basic revolutionary ideas part of the French government and forced those ideas upon people of other nations and backgrounds creating resentment and nationalism.