Caribbean (cont’d)

1. Caribbean (cont’d) • Population and Settlement • Cultural Coherence and Diversity • Economic and Social Development • Haiti • Unnatural Causes and Liberation Theology • Review for Exam No Class Friday or Monday: Watch Romero Reminder: Exam II on Wednesday!

2. Greater Antilles: Higher densities • Rimland States: Sparsely settled Population and Settlement Figure 5.10

3. Smaller families Demographic Indicators – Fertility Figure 5.11

4. Emigration • Circular Migration • Chain Migration • Transnationalism The Caribbean Diaspora Figure 5.12

5. Complex Mix of Cultures • Linguistic, Religious, and Ethnic diversity • Creolization Caribbean Cultural Diversity Figure 5.17 South Asian Indians in Trinidad

6. Blending of African, European, and Amerindian cultural elements • Language • Music Creolization Figure 5.21 Carnival in Helsinki Sign of globalization Figure 5.3.2

7. Creating a Neo-Africa • Influx of slaves • Extermination of native inhabitants Transatlantic Slave Trade Figure 5.18

8. Communities of runaway slaves • Survival of tradition • Pressures to modernize • Land conflicts African Diaspora – The Maroons Maroon village in Suriname Figure 5.19

9. African Diaspora – Religion Figure 5.20

10. From Colonialism to Neocolonialism • Strategic and profitable region Geopolitical Framework Figure 5.24

11. Monroe Doctrine • “American Backyard” • Puerto Rico • Cuba U.S. Presence and Regional Politics Figure 5.25

12. Figure 5.29 • Tax-exempt and confidential • Dates to 1920s: the Bahamas • The Cayman Islands • Legal online gaming since 1999 • Attracts American gamblers Offshore Banking and Online Gambling Financial services in Bermuda

13. Tourism Nassau, Bahamas Figure 5.30 Figure 5.31

16. Capital Leakage • Corporate headquarters outside region • Higher energy and water demands • Less environmentally destructive than traditional export agriculture Tourism Issues in the Caribbean Figure 5.32 Tourists in Belize

17. Haiti • Haiti is not simply one more of those tropical dictatorships where to rule is to steal, and headless bodies are found by the road. Haiti contorts time; it convolutes reason if you are lucky—and obliterates it if you are not. Haiti is to this hemisphere what black holes are to outer space. Venture there and you cross an event horizon. • —T.D. Allman,“After Baby Doc,” 1989

19. Environmental Issues

25. Jean-Bertrand Aristide • Former Catholic priest in one of the worst slums • Elected in 1991 in a landslide vote, removed by a bloody coup d’etat eight months later • A number of key army officers were on the CIA’s payroll • Returned to a jubilant Haiti in October, 1994, after U.S. troops were sent in to restore him to power • Forced out once again in 2004, although the events surrounding his ouster remain relatively murky – Aristide continues to assert that he was forced out by the U.S. Government

26. 2004 – Year of Disasters • February – Rebellions spread, President Aristide flees into exile (or is forced out?) • June – Up to 60 inches of rain falls in three days in portions of southern Haiti – thousands die • September – Tropical Storm Jeanne slams northern Haiti with torrential rains and kills thousands

27. 2010 Earthquake January 12, 2010 Magnitude 7.0 Estimated 316,000 people killed, 300,000 injured 97,000 houses destroyed