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Essentials of TCM

Essentials of TCM. ACR Class 1. Yin Yang. FOUR ASPECTS OF YIN-YANG RELATIONSHIP. The main aspects of the Yin-Yang relationship can be summarized into four. 1) Opposition of Yin and Yang 2) Interdependence of Yin and Yang 3) Mutual consumption of Yin and Yang

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Essentials of TCM

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  1. Essentials of TCM • ACR Class 1

  2. Yin Yang

  3. FOUR ASPECTS OF YIN-YANG RELATIONSHIP • The main aspects of the Yin-Yang relationship can be summarized into four. • 1) Opposition of Yin and Yang • 2) Interdependence of Yin and Yang • 3) Mutual consumption of Yin and Yang • 4) Inter-transformation of Yin and Yang

  4. YIN-YANG AND THE BODY • Yang........................................Yin • Superior...................................Inferior • Exterior...................................Interior • Posterior-lateral......................Anterior-medial • Back.........................................Front • Qi..........................................Blood-Body Fluids

  5. Basic Yin-Yang qualities used in clinical practice: • Yang...................................Yin • Fire...................................Water • Hot...................................Cold • Restless.............................Quiet • Dry...................................Wet

  6. Clinical signs associated with Yang and Yin: • Yang..........................................Yin • Acute disease.....................Chronic disease • Rapid onset.........................Gradual onset • Rapid disease changes..........Lingering disease • Heat.......................................Cold

  7. Yang........................................Yin • Restlessness, insomnia.....Sleepiness, listlessness • Throws off bedclothes..........Likes to be covered • Likes to lie stretched..............Likes to curl up • Hot limbs and body................Cold limbs and body

  8. The Five Elements

  9. The Generating Sequence • Wood generates Fire, Fire generates Earth, Earth generates Metal, Metal generates Water and Water generates Wood. • The Controlling Sequence • Wood controls Earth, Earth controls Water, Water controls Fire, Fire controls Metal and Metal controls Wood. For example, Wood controls Earth, but is controlled by Metal.

  10. Generating (Sheng) Sequence

  11. Controlling (Ke) Sequence

  12. The Over-acting Sequence • This follows the same sequence as the Controlling one, but in it, each Element "over-controls" another, so that it causes it to decrease. • The Insulting Sequence • This sequence is literally called "insulting" in Chinese. It takes place in the reverse order than the Controlling sequence. • Wood insults Metal, Metal insults Fire, Fire insults Water, Water insults Earth, Earth insults Wood.

  13. Colors • Wood - Green • Fire - Red • Earth - Yellow • Metal - White • Water - Black

  14. Tastes • Wood - Sour • Fire - Bitter • Earth - Sweet • Metal - Pungent (Acrid, Spicy) • Water - Salty

  15. Climates • Wood - Wind • Fire - Heat • Earth - Dampness • Metal - Dryness • Water - Cold

  16. Yin organs • Wood - Liver • Fire - Heart • Earth - Spleen • Metal - Lungs • Water - Kidneys

  17. Yang organs • Wood - Gallbladder • Fire - Small Intestine • Earth - Stomach • Metal - Large Intestine • Water - Bladder

  18. Sense organs (Orifices) • Wood - Eyes • Fire - Tongue • Earth - Mouth • Metal - Nose • Water - Ears

  19. Tissues • Wood - Sinews • Fire - Vessels • Earth - Muscles (Flesh) • Metal - Skin • Water - Bones

  20. Emotions • Wood - Anger • Fire - Joy • Earth - Pensiveness • Metal - Sadness • Water - Fear

  21. Sounds • Wood - Shouting • Fire - Laughing • Earth - Singing • Metal - Crying • Water - Groaning

  22. Vital Substances

  23. The Vital Substances are: • Qi • Blood • Essence (Jing) • Body Fluids • Some sources include Mind or Spirit (Shen)

  24. ESSENCE 精 • "JING" is usually translated as "Essence". • used in three different contexts with slightly different meanings: • "Pre-Heaven (or Pre-Natal) Essence" • "Post-Heaven (or Post-Natal) Essence" • The Essence (or Kidney-Essence).

  25. Pre-Heaven Essence • determines each person's basic constitutional make-up, strength and vitality; can be influenced only with difficulty in the course of adult life. • Post-Heaven Essence • a general term to indicate the essences produced by the Stomach and Spleen after birth, as opposed to the Pre-Heaven Essence which is formed before birth.

  26. The Essence (aka Kidney-Essence) • derives from both the Pre-Heaven and Post-Heaven Essence. • interacts with the Post-Heaven Essence and is replenished by it • determines growth, reproduction, development, sexual maturation, conception and pregnancy.

  27. Functions of Essence • 1. basis for growth, reproduction and development. • controls the growth of bones in children, teeth, hair, normal brain development and sexual maturation. • 2. basis of Kidney-Qi • 3. produces Marrow • 4. basis of constitutional strength

  28. QI 氣 • Review the various forms of Qi:

  29. Original Qi (Yuan Qi, Source Qi) 原氣 • 1. Motive force - arouses and moves the functional activity of all the organs. • 2. Basis of Kidney-Qi - closely related to the Gate of Vitality and shares in providing heat necessary to the body's functional activities • 3. Facilitates the transformation of Qi • 4. Facilitates the transformation of Blood • 5. Comes out at the Source points

  30. Food-Qi 谷氣 (aka "Gu Qi") • first stage in transformation of food into Qi. • Spleen extracts Food-qi and sends it up to the Lung where it may transform into various other kinds of qi (e.g.: Zong Qi) or blood.

  31. Gathering (or Ancestral, or Pectoral) Qi 宗氣 (aka "Zong Qi") • 1. nourishes Heart and Lungs • 2. promotes Lung function of controlling Qi and respiration, and Heart function of governing Blood and blood vessels • 3. controls speech and strength of voice • 4. promotes blood circulation to extremities.

  32. True Qi (Zhen Qi)真氣 • final stage of Qi transformation • circulates in channels and nourishes organs. • originates from the Lungs • assumes two different forms: Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi) and Defensive Qi (Wei Qi)

  33. Nutritive (or Construction) Qi (Ying Qi) 营氣 • nourishes internal organs and the whole body • closely related to Blood and flows in the blood vessels & channels. • is activated whenever a needle is inserted in an acupuncture point

  34. Defensive Qi (Wei Qi) 衛氣 （卫气） • coarser form of Qi than Ying Qi • flows on the outer layers of the body • protects the body from attack of exterior pathogenic factors

  35. warms, moistens and partially nourishes skin and muscles • adjusts the opening and closing of the pores (and therefore regulates sweating) • regulates the body temperature (chiefly by regulating sweating) • under the control of the Lungs.

  36. CENTRAL QI (Zhong Qi)中气. • refers to the Qi of Stomach and Spleen. • also used in cases of deficiency of Spleen-Qi which result in prolapse of an organ • UPRIGHT (or Correct) QI (Zheng Qi)正气 • usually only used in relation and contrast to PATHOGENIC FACTOR (Xie Qi), and indicates the body's resistance to exterior diseases.

  37. Basic Functions of Qi • Transforming • Transporting • Holding • Raising • Protecting • Warming

  38. BLOOD (Xue) 血 • Function • nourishes the body • moistens the body tissues • provides the material foundation for the Mind

  39. Blood-Qi relationship • very close relationship between Qi and Blood. • Qi is Yang compared to Blood, Blood is Yin compared to Qi. • Qi and Blood are inseparable: the Nutritive Qi circulates with Blood in the blood vessels. • "Qi is the commander of Blood; Blood is the mother of Qi".

  40. There are four aspects to the Blood-Qi relationship. • Qi generates Blood • Qi moves Blood • Qi holds the Blood • Blood nourishes Qi

  41. BODY FLUIDS (JIN-YE) 津液 • originate from our food and drink. • transformed and separated by the Spleen: a "clean" (Clear) part goes up from the Spleen to the Lungs, which spreads part of them to the skin and sends part of them down to the Kidneys. • A "dirty" (Turbid) part goes down to the Small Intestine where again it is separated into a pure and impure part.

  42. The pure part of this second separation goes to the Bladder and the impure part goes to the Large Intestine, where some water is re-absorbed. • The Bladder further transforms and separates the fluids it receives into a pure and impure part. • The pure part flows upwards and goes to the Exterior of the body where it forms sweat. • The impure part flows downwards and is transformed into urine.

  43. Types of Body Fluids • There are two types of body fluids: • Fluids in Chinese called JIN 津 • Liquids in Chinese called YE液(Wiseman Translates this as “Humors”)

  44. Fluids (JIN) • clear, light and thin-watery; move relatively quickly, circulate with Wei Qi on the Exterior. • under the control of the Lungs, which spreads them to the skin all over the body. • moisten and partially to nourish skin and muscles; manifest as sweat, tears, saliva and mucus. • Also become a component of the fluid part of Blood.

  45. Liquids (YE) • turbid, heavy and dense; circulate with Nutritive Qi in the Interior. • They move relatively slowly. • moisten the joints, spine, brain and bone marrow and lubricate the orifices of the sense organs, i.e. eyes, ears, nose and mouth.

  46. The Functions ofthe Zang-Fu

  47. The Functions of the Heart

  48. The functions of the Heart • It governs Blood • It controls the blood vessels • It manifests in the complexion • It houses the Mind • It opens into the tongue • It controls sweat.

  49. "THE HEART LOATHES HEAT" • "THE HEART CONTROLS SPEECH"

  50. The Functions of the Liver

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