1 / 9

African Political Systems in a Global Context

African Political Systems in a Global Context. February 23. Atlantic Slave Trade and the Triangular Trade. From the mid-15 th century to the late 19 th century.

georgenguyen
Download Presentation

African Political Systems in a Global Context

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. African Political Systems in a Global Context February 23

  2. Atlantic Slave Trade and the Triangular Trade • From the mid-15th century to the late 19th century. • Manufactured and trade goods (cloth, metal goods, guns) from Europe to Africa. Slaves from Africa to the Americas. Produce from the slave-labour plantations (cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, rum) to Europe.

  3. Scramble for Africa • Before 1880, European colonization of Africa was quite limited (though South Africa was one exception). • At the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, the European powers agreed to some ground rules for to colonization and partition of Africa. • By 1914, the entire continent of Africa was partitioned and colonized by Europeans, except for Ethiopia and Liberia.

  4. Independence • Decolonization took place rapidly for much of the continent. • Ghana, 1957 • Thirty-two independent African countries emerged in the decade after 1957.

  5. Chris Allen, “Understanding African Politics” • Decolonization and Clientelist Politics • Clientelist Crisis • Crisis ‘Resolved’: Centralized-Bureaucratic Politics • The Centralized-Bureaucratic State Challenged: Democratic Renewal • Crisis Unresolved: Spoils Politics • Post-Spoils Reconstruction: Populist Revolt • Terminal Spoils: State Collapse and Endemic Violence

  6. South Africa: Colonization • Dutch colonization, 1650s • British annexation, 1806 • Discovery of diamonds in 1871 and gold in 1886 • Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902 • Act of Union, 1910 created a self-governing Dominion within the British Empire.

  7. South Africa: Makings of Apartheid Legal foundation of racial discrimination and segregation: • Mines and Work Act, 1911 • Land Act, 1913 • Native Urban Areas Act, 1923 • National Party elected and Apartheid introduced, 1948

  8. The Apartheid Regime • The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified every citizen into one of four racial categories: African, coloured, Indian or white. • Strict segregation of public facilities and residence through homelands, townships • Travel controlled through pass laws and influx controls • An extremely segmented labour market, with huge wage gaps and opportunities limited and tightly controlled for Africans • Sharpeville massacre, 1960 • Banning of African National Congress and Pan-Africanist Congress, 1960 • Nelson Mandela imprisoned 1962 (released in 1990) • Soweto uprising, 1976

  9. Next Week • The struggle against apartheid • The release from prison of Nelson Mandela, 1990 • The transition to democracy and the election of the African National Congress, 1994 • Assessing post-apartheid South Africa

More Related