Revolutions of the 17 and 1800’s

1. Revolutions of the 17 and 1800’s Global Regents Review 6

2. change social political • Revolution: ______________ over time. There are two types: __________________ and ________________ • The American Revolution: This occurs when the North American Colonies of England break away from the British Empire. The key phrase is “No taxation without _______________________” and it symbolized the ideas of the Enlightenment. The Americans were heavily influenced by ____________________ and ___________________________. The Americans were successful due to the involvement of the ___________________. representation John Locke Montesquieu French

3. The French Revolution 1789 absolute monarchy • Begins in ________________ when the French overthrow the ____________________________ of Louis XVI. There were 3 main reasons: the __________________________ of the absolute monarchy led by Louis XVI; the ___________________________ placed on the 3rd estate when the other social classes refused to pay taxes, along with the massive ________________________ caused by the French attempting to pay down their national debt; and lastly, the ___________________________________ between the three estates. political abuses economic burden inflation social inequality

4. Enlightenment • Also crucial were the ideas of the _________________, which influenced the people to want a say in government. Returning soldiers who assisted the Americans also played a critical role in swaying public opinion against the monarch. • • Representatives of the Third Estate (lowest social class) released the “________________________________________________” a document similar to the Declaration of American Independence, which stated the rights of all French citizens. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

5. government Napoleon Bonaparte • For almost 10 years, no stable _____________________ existed in France, as different groups fought for control. Eventually, ______________________ stabilized the government when he took power in 1801. • Napoleon is remembered for many things: he created the _________________________, a law code that made the law equal for all citizens of France. He also stopped _______________ by creating numerous ____________________________ for the citizens to complete. Napoleon also focused on improving French morale, so he began a policy of ___________________________, which spread across Europe when he went on wars of conquest. He will eventually be defeated by the _____________________ due to the winter. He will finally lose power when a coalition of European nations defeat him at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleonic Code inflation public works nationalism Russians

6. Latin American Independence Movements Spain • As _______________ loses power due to the conquest by Napoleon, the Spanish Empire begins to splinter. Groups rose up to overthrow and establish their own nations. These revolutions are influenced by both the ____________________ and ___________________ Revolutions • Two influential figures were ________________________ and _______________________________. L’Overture led the independence movement in _________________, which became the second nation in the Americas to gain their independence. Simon Bolivar led the independence movement in _____________________________, trying to create a united nation in South America. Ultimately, the nation failed because of geographic boundaries. American French Simon Bolivar ToussiantL’Overture Haiti South America

7. European Nationalist Movements nationalism • Due to the spread of _____________________________ by Napoleon, ethnic groups in Europe gained their independence. Otto von Bismarck helped ___________________ unify into one nation, using his policy of “__________________________.” Guiseppe Garibaldi helped to unify ___________________ under one ruler during this period as well. Germany Blood and Iron Italy

8. The Industrial Revolution: a social Revolution farming • The overall change from a _________________-based society to an ______________________ society. This occurred due to an increase in _________________ production. Farm production increased because new _________________________ developed. While this new technology increased __________________, it decreased the need for ______________________. These out-of-work laborers formed the ________________________ of the new labor force of the Industrial Revolution. Most workers moved to cities searching for jobs, a process known as ______________________________. industrial farming technology production farm laborers backbone urbanization

9. textile industry • One of the first areas impacted by Industrialization was the _______________________, producing clothing. The first new technologies in the Industrial Revolution helped to increase production in this area. As more clothes become available, prices ________________. Because more people were changing clothes frequently, generally speaking, people became _______________. This led to an increase in the _________________________. decreased healthier population

10. capitalism • As more and more money changed hands, new economic theories developed. One of the first was _________________________. While not necessarily a new theory, it was popularized by the writings of ____________________, in his book The Wealth of Nations. He proposed the law of __________________________ to explain how economics works. His theory was called ______________________________, where the government did not regulate businesses. The problems this caused effected the workers because businesses would take advantage of them. Adam Smith supply and demand laissez-faire capitalism

11. In response to the poor working conditions caused by laissez-faire capitalistic ideas, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels proposed a new economic system called ________________________. They wrote a book titled The Communist Manifesto, proposing an economic theory where everyone is _________________. Marx also proposed that the lower classes (_________________________) would rise up and overthrow the upper, ruling class (________________________________), creating a classless society. communism equal proletariat bourgeoisie