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Protecting People and Things Different But the Same DYCOR USA Special Applications Division

Protecting People and Things Different But the Same DYCOR USA Special Applications Division. Background. We cannot protect everything, all the time, against every threat Our ability to protect is a function of time, place, determination, design, and circumstances

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Protecting People and Things Different But the Same DYCOR USA Special Applications Division

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  1. Protecting People and Things Different But the Same DYCOR USA Special Applications Division

  2. Background • We cannot protect everything, all the time, against every threat • Our ability to protect is a function of time, place, determination, design, and circumstances • Protective strategies cannot be static, they must evolve as the threat evolves • Our ability to protect is diminished by a “rule based” mentality

  3. Primary Threats • Intentional acts • Terrorists / Insiders / Criminals • Methods of attack • Explosives / Contamination

  4. Targets • Government buildings • Commercial buildings • Infrastructure facilities • Transportation hubs • Public venues

  5. Facility Dynamics • Changes in population and concentration over a given period of time • Generally predictable • Can be studied and analyzed • Exploitable for attack • Commuter operations • Workplace arrival and departure • Gathering places • Security queuing areas

  6. Facility Population Dynamics

  7. WORLD TRADE CENTER TYPICAL LETTER BOMBS BEIRUT (241) PIPE BOMBS KHOBAR TOWERS (19) OPM/SANG (5)) OK CITY (168) PAN AM 103 (274) ATLANTA (1) 1 25 250 1,000 5,000 40,000 0 LBS TNT EXPLOSIVE SIZE VERY SMALL SMALL MEDIUMLARGEVERYLARGEEXTRALARGE BRIEFCASE PIPE BOMB BOX HAVERSACK HIDDEN LETTER PIPE BOMB HIDDEN LARGE BOX CAR PICKUP VAN CAR VAN PICKUP VAN TRUCK METHOD OF IMPLACEMENT LARGE TRUCK SEMI TRUCK Explosive Threats

  8. Personal Injury From Blast > 80% of injuries from a blast are caused by impact from objects, especially flying glass

  9. Standoff vs. Effect 19 dead 168 dead Khobar Towers Murrah Federal Building YIELD (TNT Equiv.) 20,000 lb. YIELD (TNT Equiv.) 4000 lb. PRESSURE 800 psi. PRESSURE 9600 psi. STANDOFF 80 feet STANDOFF 15 feet

  10. Blast Analysis – Personnel Range to Effects

  11. Blast Analysis – Personnel Protective Standoff

  12. Blast Analysis – Structural Response Structural response can be modeled and estimated for a specific explosive threat

  13. Protective Strategies - Blast • Standoff – standoff – standoff !! • Distance = protection from a blast event • Restrict vehicle traffic around the facility • Re-route deliveries, inspect vehicles • Enforce restriction with barriers and landscaping

  14. Public access Mission Support Mission Critical Utilities Protective Strategies - Blast • Establish sacrificial space in the facility • Move critical operations away from the most accessible and vulnerable areas Before After Threat

  15. Protective Strategies - Blast • Identify structural elements that could be exploited in an attack

  16. Protective Strategies - Blast • Observe personnel flow and concentration • Building design and facility functions channel traffic • Open facility earlier, use more entrances if possible • Stagger employee work hours • Minimize exposure time in non-secure areas • Anticipate crowds – assign sufficient security resources to minimize processing delays • Improve structural and physical security in areas where people congregate • Install fragment retention film or blast curtains to reduce glass injuries • Consider use of visual obscuration (reflective film on windows) • Splinter protection barriers

  17. Contamination Threats • Chemical • Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) • Lethal agents (Sarin) • Biological (Anthrax) • Radiological (Radium) • Delivery methods • Aerial dispersal (aerosol cloud) • Contact (mail, package) • Manually placed • By-product of explosion

  18. Damages - Contamination • Effects on personnel • Depends on agent and amount of exposure • Physical effects show in seconds to days • Death • Protracted illness • Unable to return to work • Effects on facilities • Widespread contamination possible • Lengthy decontamination process • Loss of use / service • Financial disaster (Est. $42 M USD – Hart Bldg.)

  19. Contamination Analysis – Material Transport • Computer models • Exterior environment • HPAC (Hazard Prediction & Assessment Capability) • Can run with predicted or actual weather information • Interior environment • Limited availability • Labor intensive • Material specific • Composition • Amount • Persistence

  20. Vulnerabilities - Contamination • Location • Proximity or downwind to hazardous production or storage sites and transportation routes • Air handling • Fresh air intakes located near ground level • Limited filtration capabilities (large particulates) • Multiple air handling systems without central control • Limited or no hazard sensing capability • Package and mail handling • Direct deliveries to lobby and other public access areas • Poor inspection and isolation protocols • No inspection of personal items • Limited situational awareness (warning & procedures)

  21. Protective Strategies - Contamination • Know your neighborhood • Check with government & commercial sources • Fire Department • Emergency planning & permitting agencies • Railroad and trucking companies • Research material hazard data • Understand general properties • Protective methods • Decontamination issues

  22. Protective Strategies - Contamination • Facility improvements • Identify location of fresh air intakes • Relocate intakes to top of building if possible • Understand capabilities of air filter units • Consider adding additional filtration stages • Install master shut-off for all air handling systems • Isolate/dedicate air handling unit for mail room • Determine hazard sensing capability • Install additional sensing

  23. Protective Strategies - Contamination • Procedural improvements • Employ a trans-shipment facility, isolate the mail/package receiving area within the facility • Establish comprehensive inspection protocols • Obtain equipment to contain suspicious articles • Obtain materials for immediate decontamination • Spot inspection of employee personal items • 100% inspection of visitor personal items

  24. Protective Strategies - Contamination • Crisis operations planning • Connect to local emergency notification networks • Reverse “911” • Establish internal emergency notification procedures • Incorporate contamination events into crisis response planning • Determine capabilities to provide “shelter in place” protection • Consider “urge to flee” response • Assign assets to secure the facility until cleared to leave

  25. Summary • The addition of people to any facility complicates the protection process • Effective protection planning depends on an understanding of the environment, facility functions, and population dynamics • Reorganization of building space and functions can offer substantial protective benefits • Procedural and facility improvements can greatly enhance personnel security and safety

  26. Contact Data Dycor USA, Inc. Corporate Headquarters 401-A Cooley Mill Road Havre de Grace, MD  21078-1319 Phone: 410-734-9414 Fax:     410-734-0334 Email:sales@dycorusa.com

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