Copy the following on the bottom half of NB p. 21. (Skip a line between each item.)

1. Copy the following on the bottom half of NB p. 21. (Skip a line between each item.) • Robert Fulton • Henry Shreve Miller • Samuel F.B. Morse • Transportation and communication advances changed the United States by • John Deere’s steel plow • Cyrus McCormick • Different U.S. regions were linked economically by

2. Lesson 11.1b – Early Inventions Today we will identify inventions that improved transportation, communication, and farm production.

3. Moving People, Goods, and Messages • New inventions improved transportation and communication. • Steamboats carried people and goods farther and faster and led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis.

4. Moving People, Goods, and Messages • Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move against the current or strong wind. • In 1807, he launched the Clermont on the Hudson River. But steamships were still unable to sail upstream.

5. Henry Miller Shreve improved on Fulton’s idea. He designed a more powerful engine and installed it on a double-decker boat with a paddle wheel in the back. The stern-wheeler launched a new era of trade and trans-portation on the Mississippi River.

6. Moving People, Goods, and Messages • In 1837, Samuel F. B. Morse demonstrated the telegraph. • This invention allowed messages to travel between cities in seconds. • By 1861, telegraph lines spanned the country.

7. Moving People, Goods, and Messages • Telegraph lines and steamships helped bring people from different parts of the country closer together. • These inventions increased national unity.

8. Check for Understanding Who was Robert Fulton? Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move using a steam engine to turn two side paddle wheels.

9. Check for Understanding • Who introduced steamboats to the Mississippi River? • Henry Miller Shreves introduced steamboats to the Mississippi River.

10. Check for Understanding • Who invented the first telegraph? • Samuel F.B. Morse invented the first telegraph. • How did the telegraph change communication in the United States? • The telegraph made it possible to communicate with someone in another city in seconds.

11. Check for Understanding How did advances in communication and transportation change America? Advances in communication brought people closer as a nation, bringing more national unity.

12. 7. How did Robert Fulton and Samuel F.B. Morse improve national unity? • Morse invented a steamboat that could move against the current. • Fulton invented a telegraph that could carry messages using pulses of electricity. • Morse’s invention made it easier to communicate across great distances. • Their inventions made it easier for Northerners and Southerners to do business. • Fulton’s invention led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis. Choose all that are true!

13. Technology Improves Farming • Several inventions increased farm production in the United States. • In 1836, John Deere invented a light-weight plow with a steel cutting edge.

14. Technology Improves Farming • Before Deere introduced his steel plow, most farmers used iron or wooden plows. • The heavy Midwestern soil stuck to these plows and had to be cleaned very frequently. • The smooth sided steel plow solved this problem. • As a result, more farmers began moving to the Midwest.

15. Technology Improves Farming In 1834, Cyrus McCormick invented a reaper to cut ripe grain.

16. Technology Improves Farming The threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from husks.

17. New inventions help to create national unity. • The new farming equip–ment helped Midwestern farmers feed Northeastern factory workers. • Midwestern farmers became a market for the goods manufactured in the Northeast. • Northeastern textile mills increased the need for Southern cotton.

18. Check for Understanding • Who was John Deere? • John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge.

19. How did the steel plow improve agriculture? The steel plow improved agriculture by making it easier for farmers to prepare ground in the heavy Midwestern soil. Deere’s new plow made it possible for more farmers to move west.

20. Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper cut ripe grain. What two other inventions improved agriculture?

21. The threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from husks.

22. How were different U.S. regions linked economically? • New farming equipment helped Midwestern farmers feed Northeastern factory workers. • Midwestern farmers became a market for the goods manufactured in the Northeast. • Northeastern textile mills increased the need for Southern cotton.

23. 8. How did John Deere and Cyrus McCormick strengthen the economic connection between the Midwest and New England? • Their inventions made it easier for Midwestern farmers to feed Northeastern factory workers. • He invented a steamboat that could move against the current. • Their inventions strengthened the economic connection between Northeastern factory workers and Southern plantation owners. • Their inventions strengthened the economic connection between American farmers and South American manufacturers.