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Bovine Trichomoniasis “Trich or Treat”

Bovine Trichomoniasis “Trich or Treat”. Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service Texas A&M System. Trich. Cattle disease Venereal disease Long-standing endemic disease Increased rate of diagnosis

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Bovine Trichomoniasis “Trich or Treat”

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  1. Bovine Trichomoniasis “Trich or Treat” Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service Texas A&M System

  2. Trich • Cattle disease • Venereal disease • Long-standing endemic disease • Increased rate of diagnosis • Increased infected herds or • Heightened test awareness

  3. Economic Losses • Infected beef herd • Smaller calf crops • Less uniform calf crops • Increased culling costs • Increased replacement costs • Increased veterinary costs • Decreased herd income • 20-40% drop • $140 loss per cow • National beef industry • $650M loss per year

  4. Cause • A protozoon • A single-celled, motile parasite • Sperm-head size • Pear-shaped • Three head hairs (flagellum, trich) • One side undulating hair (membrane) • One tail hair • A trichomonad • Tritrichomonas foetus • No resistant stage in environment

  5. Transmission • Venereal – bull to cow – cow to bull • Infected bulls breed clean cows/heifers • Clean bulls breed infected cows (recent aborters) • Not cow to cow • Not bull to bull • Not from environment

  6. Bull Trichomoniasis • Infection – no disease or symptoms • Smegma in crypts (microscopic folds) • Penis • Internal sheath • Crypts deepen with age – increases rate of infection • Infected for life • Persistent infection (PI) • Sheath pus discharge (uncommon) • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  7. Bull’s Age Older >5 yrs. 4 to 5 yrs. Young < 4 yrs.

  8. From Older Bull Crypt From Younger Bull Crypts

  9. Cow/Heifer TrichomonosisEmbryonic Absorption • Disease • Colonies – causes mild inflammation (<18 days) • Vagina • Uterus • Oviduct • Embryo death – absorption • Symptoms • Recycles (repeat breeders) (infertility) • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  10. Cow/Heifer TrichomonosisFetal Abortion • Disease • Colonies – causes severe inflammation (>60 days) • Uterus • Fetus death – expelled • Infected fetus/placenta • Symptoms • Recycles (repeat breeders) (infertility) • Early abortion • Uterine pus discharge (uncommon) (PIs) • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  11. Herd History • Abortions (2-3 mos pregnancy) • Recycles (repeat breeders) • Late calvers • Infected for 2-4 mos – cleared • Immune response (short-lived) • Delayed conception • Strung-out calving • Open cows • Overworked, tired bulls • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  12. Diagnosis • Test bulls • >10 days after service • Sheath wash – culture test (3 samples) • Staggered at 7-14 day intervals • Sheath wash – gene test (2 samples) • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • Test aborted cows/heifers • <30 days after abortion • Cervical wash – culture test • Test aborted fetus/placenta • Stomach/placenta wash – culture test

  13. Treatment • No approved drugs • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  14. Control – Biocontainment • Consultation (producer-private veterinarian-diagnostic laboratory) • Testing • Culling • Vaccinating • Killed Vaccine (TrichGuard®, TrichGuard V5-L® • Does not prevent infection • Helps reduce severity of disease • Helps cows/heifers clear infection • Does not help bulls clear infection • “Trich”(no “Treat”)

  15. Prevention – Biosecurity • Consultation (producer-private veterinarian) • Replacements • Virgin heifers • Virgin bulls • Pre-entry test bulls • Annual test pre-breeding herd bulls • Artificial insemination (AI) • Good fences • Vaccination • Killed Vaccine (TrichGuard®, TrichGuard V5-L® • Does not prevent infection • Helps reduce severity of disease • “Treat” (no “Trich”)

  16. State Regulations • Texas – None (proposed) • Reportable disease (15 western states) • state entry test requirements (bulls) • sale test requirements (bulls only, bulls/cows) Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico • North Dakota • Oklahoma • Oregon • South Dakota • Utah • Washington • Wyoming

  17. TAHC’s ProposedTrichomoniasis Control Program for Texas • Trich will be a reportable disease in Texas • All test results positive and negative must be reported to the TAHC within 48 hours • Only certified virgin bulls or test-negative bulls could enter Texas for breeding purposes • Bulls must be officially identified. • The requirements would be in effect by late March 2009

  18. Change-of-ownership testing for in-state bulls • Bulls must be officially identified • Certified virgin bulls exempt • Infected bulls go to slaughter within 30 days and be moved under a permit • The requirements would be in effect no earlier than September 2009 • The remaining bulls in the herd • Isolated from female cattle • Until tested and classified as negative

  19. Public Comments • Must arrive at the TAHC no later than by January 30, 2009 • Be emailed to: comments@tahc.state.tx.us • Be faxed to: 512-719-0719 • Be mailed to: TAHC Comments Box 12966 Austin, TX 78711-2966 • The TAHC commissioners will consider the regulation proposals for adoption on February 24, 2009

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