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Unit 5 – Chapter 15

Unit 5 – Chapter 15. The Cultural Geography of Russia. I. Section I. Population Patterns. A. Russia’s Ethnic Diversity. Over a 100 different ethnic groups! Ethnic Regions Over the centuries, Russia took over much of the land in Asia and Europe and took over many different ethnic groups.

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Unit 5 – Chapter 15

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  1. Unit 5 – Chapter 15 The Cultural Geography of Russia

  2. I. Section I Population Patterns

  3. A. Russia’s Ethnic Diversity • Over a 100 different ethnic groups! • Ethnic Regions • Over the centuries, Russia took over much of the land in Asia and Europe and took over many different ethnic groups

  4. Ethnic Groups (con’t) • The Slavs • Largest ethnic group • Ethnic Russians are part of this group • This group also includes: Poles, Serbs, Ukrainians, etc. • Slavs have dominated Russia’s culture • Russian is the country’s official language

  5. Ethnic Groups (con’t) • Turkish Peoples • 2nd largest group • Mainly Muslims

  6. Ethnic Groups (con’t) • Caucasian Peoples • Live in Caucasus region of SE Russia

  7. B. Population Density & Distribution • Population & Environment • Average Population Density is 22 people per sq. mile • (U.S. is 78 per sq. mi.) • Most people actually live in the area between the Belarus and Ukraine borders and the Ural Mtns. • 120 people per sq. mi. here • Major industrial city is Moscow

  8. Population Trends Population crisis Poor healthcare movement out of Russia

  9. II. Section II History & Government

  10. A. Early People and States • Roots go back to A.D. 600s – Slavs • Kievan Rus • City-States • In the early 1200s, the Mongol invaders conquered this region & then held control for more than 200 years

  11. Early People and States (con’t) • The Rise of Russia • By the late 1400s, the Slavs drove out the Mongols • Prince Ivan III – Ivan the Great • In 1533, Ivan the Great’s grandson was crowned the 1stczar – supreme ruler • He was called Ivan the Terrible • By 1650 many peasants had become serfs or slaves Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Great

  12. B. Romanov Czars • While Russia struggled with their harsh rule, W. Europe left them behind (especially in areas of science & technology) • In the late 1600s, Czar Peter I (Peter the Great) – was determined to modernize Russia • A new capital – St. Petersburg was formed Palace Square—St. Petersburg

  13. C. The Russian Revolution • Russification • Required everyone to speak Russian & follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity

  14. Last Czar of Russia and family assassinated • Socialism • Many Russians were frustrated and attracted to this kind of economy that calls for equality • Karl Marx – German philosopher who came up with socialism • More hardships continued for Russia and finally in 1917, rule of the czars had ended

  15. D. The Soviet Era • Russian Revolution (1917) established a representative government • Was too weak • Bolsheviks – revolutionary group – led by Vladimir Lenin – seized control • They believed in communism – based on Karl Marx’s ideas • Bolsheviks led a civil war against their opposition

  16. The Soviet Union • In 1921, the Bolsheviks (now known as communists) won the civil war • Established the USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

  17. After Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over reign • He led with fear and killed those in opposition Lenin’s Grave

  18. A Superpower • During WWII, more than 27 million Russians died • At the war’s end. Russia controlled most of E. Europe • E. Europe countries became satellites – countries controlled by the Soviet Union • For the next four decades, the U.S. & the Soviet Union were locked in a Cold War

  19. COLD WAR MILITARY BUILD-UP

  20. Hard Times in the USSR

  21. E. The Soviet Breakup • 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev assumes power of the Soviet Union • Begins reform • Perestroika & Glasnost • Many soviet republics gained independence • In 1991, Gorbachev’s presidency ended and the Soviet Union ceased to exist Reagan & Gorbechev

  22. F. A New Russia • Boris Yeltsin (was leader of Russia during Soviet Union) – leader of devastated Russia • Economy was in bad shape • Many ethnic conflicts • A Market Economy • Russia began moving from a command economyto a market economy • Separatist Movement • Still lots of ethnic conflict

  23. G. Russia Timeline - for the “History Challenged” Slavs – original group Kievan Rus – loose union of city states Mongols – conquered many Slavs Ivan the Great & Slavs overthrew Mongols Ivan the Terrible – 1st Czar Russian Revolution – WWI Russians attracted to socialism – Karl Marx

  24. G. Timeline Continued Bolsheviks & Lenin – start communism Bolsheviks won the civil war – formed USSR Lenin died – Stalin in power – rules by fear WWII – USSR takes control of E. Europe Cold War Begins – U.S. & Russia Mikhail Gorbachev assumes power & begins reform Boris Yeltsin assumes leadership Vladimir Putin – current leader Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin Gorbachev Vladimir Putin

  25. Section III • Cultures & Lifestyles

  26. A. Religion in Russia • Christianity in Russia • Eastern Orthodox Church had been central prior to communist rule • During communism – religion was strongly discouraged – Why? • Promoted Atheism • The Orthodox Church regained following after communism • Patriarch and icons • Islam • 2nd largest religion • Judaism • Have long been persecuted in Russia • Pogroms – organized massacres • Buddhism • 2 Republics in Russia are mostly Buddhist

  27. B. Education • Soviet Rule • Free but mandatory education • Focused mostly on military, science, and engineering studies • Very little language, history, and literature • Intelligentsia – intellectual elite • Today • Choice of type of high school • Current economy hurts their school funding Moscow University

  28. C. Health Care • Disease, lifestyle choices (smoking, drinking, bad foods), insufficient health care all threaten the well-being of Russians • The medical facilities still owned by the government are inefficient

  29. D. The Arts • Russia’s Artistic Golden Age • Artists found inspiration in religion • Russian artists have risked much to express themselves

  30. Culture & the Soviets • Social realism – people had to glorify communism in their works or they were punished • Post-Soviet Arts • In the mid 1980s, activity in the arts renewed

  31. E. Life & Leisure • Daily life has always been difficult for ordinary people in Russia • Overcrowded Apartments • Long lines and expensive prices for things as simple as a loaf of bread • Holidays • In 1991, Christmas became a national holiday in Russia

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