MAINSTREAMING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INTO PLANNING AND POLICY IN VIET NAM

1. MAINSTREAMING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INTO PLANNING AND POLICY IN VIET NAM

2. Main contents • Project on Ecosystem Services in Viet Nam • Approach and methodology for mainstreaming • Efforts to mainstreaming ecosystem services in national policy framework • Key points for successfully integrating of ES in development policy

3. Project on Ecosystem Services in Viet Nam • Project Implementation Agency: Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment (ISPONRE) • Duration of Project: 2010 – 2014

4. Major objectives and aims of the project • Integration/ Mainstreaming of ES in to policy/ development/ investment planning • Piloting this Integration on Provincial Level → Develop tools/ decision support models on multi-scale

5. Project Components • Quantification of ecosystems • Modeling to understand the potential changes in the ecosystem services • Valuation of Ecosystem Services • Determining the economic value of ecosystem services • Linking Ecosystem with Development • Creating feedback mechanism at national and sub-national levels. .

6. Pilot area and Problem context Pilot area for mainstreaming Ecosystem Services in Vietnam Mangrove Forests in Ngoc Hien District, Ca Mau Province Source: Barry Clough et al. 2002, World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO

7. Pilot area and Problem context Aquaculture in Mangrove areas of Southern Ca Mau province Aquaculture and fishing are the two major economic activities and income sources in the pilot area

8. Main targeted ecosystem services Regulating services (carbon sequestration, coastal protection • Provision services (aquaculture) Cultural services (tourist)

9. Shirm yield in different districts of Ca Mau Unit: ton/ha

10. Pilot area and Problem context Human drivers on Mangrove Loss and Degradation Small-scale Development: • Individuals, Households: Subsistence, Income generation • Aquaculture • Natural resource exploitation: shellfish collection, fishing, timber harvest Large-scale Development: • Mangrove Conversion (Agriculture, Infrastructure, Industry, Tourism) → Fragmentation, Degradation

11. Pilot area and Problem context Drivers, pressures and state of Mangrove ecosystem in Ca Mau State (+Trends) Drivers Pressures Human - Population Pressure - Econ. Development - Conversion to other Land Use (Aquaculture!) - Over-extraction of NR • - Environmental Pollution Loss of Mangrove Forests Degradation of Mangrove Forests → Loss in Biodiversity → Loss in Ecosystem Functions - Int. Markets, Prices Policies, Regulation - Weak Regulatory Mechanisms - Low Mobilization of Loc. Communities - Coastal Erosion - Siltation changes - Physical damage to trees - Submersion Natural - Nat. Climate Events - Storms, Waves, Flooding - Sea level rise - Climate Change

12. Pilot area and Problem context Mangrove Ecosystem and Ecosystem Services Impacts Impact on Ecosystem services State Short /Long term Loss of Mangrove Forests Degradation of Mangrove Forests → Loss in Biodiversity → Loss in Biomass → Loss in Ecosystem Functions • Timber, fuelwood, NR • Agric./ Aquaculture Products • Habitat for Species/ Breeding ground ? • Coastal protection • Microclimate • Ground water storage • Water purification • Carbon Sequestration & Storage - Coastal Erosion - Siltation changes - Physical damage to trees - Submersion • Landscape beauty

13. Pilot area and Problem context Mangrove Ecosystem Services, Benefits and Stakeholder Impact on Ecosystem services Benefit/ Human Wellbeing Stakeholder/ Beneficiaries • Timber, fuelwood, NR • Agric./ Aquaculture Products • Habitat for Species/ Breeding ground • Household Income & Subsistence • SME profits (Aquaculture) • Human Security/ Health • Provision of Clean Water for HH & Agric. Use • Carbon offsets • Biodiversity • Leisure, Tourism (Shrimp-) Farmers Province Local Communities • Coastal protection • Water purification • Carbon Sequestration & Storage Global Community Local Communities • Landscape beauty Tourism business

14. 2. Entry points in local, national and sector level policies • Potential issues in Land use, Conservation and Climate Change adaptation planning • What are the costs and benefits of mangrove conservation vs. conversion to aquaculture use? • Which mangrove areas should be strictly protected, restored or sustainably used? • Which potential does Mangrove forest conservation have as a cost-effective and sustainable approach to Climate Change adaptation (e.g. Ecosystem-based adaptation)

15. 2. Entry points in local, national and sector level policies • Ranganathan et al. 2008. Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision-makers. World Resources Institute.

16. 3. Operational framework Mainstreaming of Ecosystem Services into Decision Making • Operational framework • Operational framework Source: Daily et al. 2009

17. 6-step approach to integrating ecosystem services into development planning

18. Efforts to mainstreaming ecosystem services in national policy framework • Biodiversity Law which was promulgated by National Assembly in 2008 • National Strategy on Green Growth (draft version) to be submitted to Prime Minister for approval in 2012 • National Strategy on Environmental Protection (draft version) has been approved by Prime Minister National Strategy on Green Growth (draft version) Restoration and development of natural capital Biodiversity Law Payment for Ecosystem Services (Article 74) Restore and conserve ecosystem, species in protected areas National Strategy on Environmental Protection (draft version)

19. National Strategy for Environmental Protection(submitted to PM for approval) The strategy has highlighted environmental issues relating to ecosystem in Viet Nam; • Many mangroves forest has been destroyed; natural wetland has been degraded; aquaculture resources in many marine areas has been degraded, seegrass and coral reaf has been degrated and narrowed down but has not been restored • Area of natural ecosystems continue to shrink, especially the wetland ecosystem, limestone and alluvial coastal estuaries, leading to loss of groundwater supplies, breeding and habitat areas of species

20. National Strategy on Green Growth(draft version) • Conserve and use efficiently ecological systems as well their goods and services. • Support to formulate the green accounting system by pricing the natural capitals • Encouraging and involving al economic sectors in investing in natural capitals including investment in ecological services infrastructure, conservation areas and restoration of degraded ecological systems. • Establish stimulating economic and financial mechanisms for conserving and efficiently use of ecological services. Promoting market approach in paying for eco-services including wetland and marine ecosystems. • Protecting biodiversity while developing industries and natural resources through applying biodiversity compensation mechanism. • Enhance the monitoring of biodiversity and eco-services.

21. Key points for successfully integrating of ES in development policy Identify key stakeholders MPI, MOF, MONRE, MARD, PPC • National Strategy • Sector Strategy (forestry, land use planning, agriculture, etc) • SEA, EIA Entry points for mainstreaming • Mapping • Valuation of ecosystem services • Trade-off analysis Support tools for decision makers