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Learning Targets

Learning Targets. Students will be able to explain the properties of water Students will be able to define types of cell transport. Ocelot. Twice the size of an average house cat Unlike most cats, they don’t avoid water and are avid swimmers

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Learning Targets

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  1. Learning Targets • Students will be able to explain the properties of water • Students will be able to define types of cell transport

  2. Ocelot • Twice the size of an average house cat • Unlike most cats, they don’t avoid water and are avid swimmers • Eat rabbits, rodents, iguanas, frogs, fish, and birds • Do not have teeth appropriate for chewing, so rip off meat with large fangs and swallow it whole • Live in jungles of South America, but can be found as far North as Texas • Have very fine fur – hunted for their pelts

  3. Tuesday – 1st day of 2nd Semester • Plan for the week - Agenda’s Out • Take notes on pages 201-206 (due Wednesday) Today • Discuss Semester Final, cell projects returned • Review Water • Introduce Cell Transport Project (due Feb. 8th) • Cell Transport Notes

  4. Water Review Half Sheet of Paper 2 activities – divide paper in half

  5. #1 Fill a beaker or cup till it is just about to overflow. Balance a paper clip on the surface of water,.(hint: don’t let your fingers touch the water) * Touch the paper clip once it is balanced. What happens? * Balance the paper clip again. Add one drop of detergent to the water and record what happens. What does this tell you about the properties of water?

  6. #2 • Molecule Kits (count for 12 water molecules before and after – we want to keep these kits complete!) • Use the kits to model phases of water on your table • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Draw a representation on each on your paper • Write an explanation comparing solid to gas • Write an explanation of why this is significant to life!

  7. Water Chemistry H2O = held together by covalent bonds Oxygen “hogs” electrons = Polar Molecule + and – ends of molecule allow H2O to attract to H2O = hydrogen bonding

  8. Like Dissolves Like

  9. Water supports life! • Water is such a significant part of living organisms but how does it move through the cell membrane? • How do other molecules move through the cell membrane???

  10. To further investigate cell transport • Cell Transport Project • Due Feb. 8th • Groups of 3-4, count off for groups • Letter from Aunt Sally • Rubric • In class work time next week

  11. Cellular Transport Notes Sections 6.2 and 8.1 This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com Please visit for 100’s more free powerpoints

  12. About Cell Membranes Functions: • Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance called homeostasis • Cell to cell communication • Provides protection and support for the cell TEM picture of a real cell membrane.

  13. About Cell Membranes (continued) Structure of cell membrane Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of phospholipids • Phosphate head is polar (water loving) • Fatty acid tails non-polar(water fearing) • Proteins embedded in membrane • Carbs and cholesterol in membrane Phospholipid Lipid Bilayer

  14. Structure of the Cell Membrane Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Lipid Bilayer Transport Protein Phospholipids Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Animations of membrane structure Go to Section:

  15. Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane Polar heads love water & dissolve. Membrane movement animation Non-polar tails hide from water. Carbohydrate cell markers Proteins

  16. About Cell Membranes (continued) Cell membranes are Selectively permeable: Allows some molecules in and keeps other molecules out Pores

  17. What can enter the cell through the bilayer? • Permeable to: Hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules, some organic molecules, CO2, O2 Impermeable to: Ions, hydrophilic (polar) molecules, glucose, and other sugars

  18. Weeee!!! high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low Types of Cellular Transport • Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport cell does use energy • Protein Pumps • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  19. Passive Transport • cell uses no energy • molecules move randomly = Brownian motion • Molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • (HighLow)

  20. Simple Diffusion Animation Passive Transport:1. Diffusion • Diffusion: random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low) • Diffusion continues until all molecules are evenly spaced (equilibrium is reached)-Note: molecules will still move around but stay spread out. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

  21. Factors that Affect Rate of Diffusion • Concentration (high concentration = faster diffusion) • Temperature (high temp = faster diffusion) • Pressure

  22. Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion A B 2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane • Transport Proteins are specific – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane • Transports larger or charged molecules Facilitated diffusion(Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Carrier Protein • http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

  23. Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion Glucose molecules Cellular Transport From a- High High Concentration • Channel Proteins animations Cell Membrane Protein channel Low Concentration Low Transport Protein Through a  Go to Section:

  24. Passive Transport: 3. Osmosis Osmosis animation • 3.Osmosis:diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water moves from high to low concentrations • Water moves freely through pores. • Solute (green) too large to move across.

  25. Effects of Osmosis on Life • Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane.

  26. Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypotonic Solution Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water - Outside of cell) Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!

  27. Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypertonic Solution Hypertonic:The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water – Outside of Cell) shrinks Result: Water moves from inside the cell into the solution: Cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)!

  28. Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Isotonic Solution Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in both directions and the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

  29. What type of solution are these cells in? B C A Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic

  30. How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure • Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called turgor pressure. • Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate. • Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water. Add to vocab chart

  31. Let’s Review • What is passive transport? • What are the methods of passive transport?

  32. The Tootsie Roll Problem • Goal: To get tootsie rolls through the solid part of the bag and keep tootsie rolls together • Why: To think about active transport – how do cells take in large food molecules • Get materials, review your plan to solve the problems, show Mrs. Wojcik • When finished, eat your tootsie roll!

  33. Active Transport • cell uses energy • actively moves molecules to where they are needed • Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration • (Low  High)

  34. Types of Active Transport 1. Protein Pumps -carrier proteins help molecules move through bilayer Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

  35. Types of Active Transport • 2.Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell • Cell membrane in-folds around food particle • “cell eating” • forms food vacuole/vesicle & digests food • This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

  36. Types of Active Transport Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations 3. Exocytosis:Forces material out of cell in bulk • Cell changes shape – requires energy • EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell

  37. The Academy Awards of Cell Transport • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoXLu9Rz70g • Get your acting skills ready: give your best performance of cell transport • Which group will win the academy award?

  38. The Academy Awards of Cell Transport • In an assigned group, you will be acting out methods of cell transport • You will be assigned diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, protein pumps, endocytosis, or exocytosis to act out • Be creative yet accurate • Act like parts of the cell to show how these transport methods work • Don’t forget to keep the cell membrane intact! • Break a leg!

  39. Cell Transport Review Assignment • Complete the worksheet for tomorrow

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