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Wind energy And comparison with other Renewable energy resources

Wind energy And comparison with other Renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy Course Supervisor: Prof. Göran Wall. Setareh Janbakhsh Oct. 2006. Table of contents:. 1- Leader renewable energy resources 2- Main characteristics of different technologies

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Wind energy And comparison with other Renewable energy resources

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  1. Wind energy And comparison with other Renewable energy resources Renewable Energy Course Supervisor: Prof. Göran Wall Setareh Janbakhsh Oct. 2006

  2. Table of contents: 1- Leader renewable energy resources 2- Main characteristics of different technologies 3- Policies, Economics, Social Considerations and Environment 4- Global leaders in renewable energy resources 5- Resource availability 6- Installed capacity capital cost 7- Operation and maintenance cost (O&M) 8- Specific daily delivered electricity/specific capital cost 9-Life-Cycle Cost of Energy 10- Environment consideration

  3. 1- Leaders renewable energy resources 1-1 Wind Energy 1-2 BiomassEnergy 1-3 Geothermal Energy 1-4 Hydro Energy 1-5 Solar Energy

  4. 1-1 Wind Energy Wind energy is today the most rapidly developing renewable energy in the world 1- offshore technology • reduced turbulence at sea • Low visual disturbance and noise • Maintenance and repair of the turbinesis more difficult and expensive than on-shore 2- onshore technology • 1-2 Biomass • Biomass can be divided into four subcategories: • wood • animal dung • solid industrial waste • landfill biogas • Heat from biomass • Electricity from biomass • Heat and Power installations (CHP)Within the range of about 50-80 MWe , electrical efficiencies of 30-40% • gasification/combined cycle systems (BIG/CC) high electrical efficiencyconversion efficiencies up to 40% are possible on a scale of about 30 MWe • gasifiers coupled to diesel/gas engines

  5. 1-3 Geothermal Energy Creating pockets of higher temperature resources at easily accessible depths • Geothermal power generation technologies: • Dry Steam Plants • Produce energy for vapour-dominated (typical unit capacity of 35 – 120 MWe ) • Flashed Steam Plants • Produce energy from liquid-dominate (Typical units have a capacity of 10 – 55 MWe) • Binary-Cycle Plants • For low-enthalpy resources • Combined CyclePlants • The plantsindependent of climate and seasons. and can be operated 24 hours a day. • 1-4 Hydro Energy • -The main civil works of a hydro development are the dam. • -Many rivers and streams are well suited to small hydro-power installations (<10 MWe capacity) • -New small hydro developments are usually run-of-river developments

  6. 1-5 Solar Energy Solar heat • Low-temperature thermal solar Consists of a solar collector, a thermal storage and the necessary distribution systems. • Solar heat pumps are used to convert the energy available in solar-heated ambient air into useful low temperature heat. Solar architecture Designing the houses to reduce energy consumption for space heating, lighting Solar electricity • Photovoltaic (PV) Solar energy is the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity ,The solar modules used are a number of solar cells connected in series The typical flat-plate modules achieve efficiencies between 10 – 15%. • Solar thermal-electric Thermal Parabolic Dish (can achieve an electric efficiency of 10% )

  7. 2-Main Characteristics of Different Technologies[1]

  8. 3- Policies, Economics, social considerations and Environment Technology Specific Barriers and Success Factors[2] Heavy dependence on imported energy resources Available offshore sites Lack of financial resources to subsidise wind turbine

  9. 4- Global leaders in renewable energy resources Main Countries with Renewable Energy Resources[3]

  10. 5-Resource availability Renewable in Energy Markets[1] • In developed countries (grid )geothermal, hydro are capable of contributing continuous energy input to the baseload, while biomass will feed the Intermediate load and solar and wind the peak load • In developed countries (off grid )all renewable resources can be deployed . • In developing countries (off grid ) geothermal, modern biomass , hydro can generate the base load,. Solar and wind sources are suitable as basic off-grid power resources • In developing countries (grid ) today powered mostly by fossil-fuelled power plants or by large hydropower. The base load can also be provided by geothermal energy and modern biomass.

  11. 6- Installed Capacity Capital Cost Summary of Installed Capacity Costs for Renewable[4] It includes all planning, design, equipment purchase, and construction and installation costs for a turnkey plant, ready to operate. Cost of Delivered Power[1] The wind energy industry has made progress in decreasing costs to become economically viable . Geothermal energy is already economically viable and can compete in the electricity marketsas is hydro and some types of biomass . Solar energy can be acceptable where other alternatives are for some reason unattractive or not feasible

  12. 8-Specific daily delivered electricity/specific capital cost Specific Daily Delivered Electricity/Specific Capital Cost [5] The specific power curve and how it is combined with daily energy production produces comparative data indicating the specific daily delivered electricity per kW installed. The specific capital cost is the cost to procure, install and make ready generating capacity that will generate a kWh per year.

  13. 7-Operation and Maintenance O&M • The O&M cost element includes other routine costs: • property and other taxes • land-use payments • insurance • transmission access and other fees Typical O&M Ratio [6]

  14. 9-Life-Cycle Cost of Energy • Life-cycle cost of energy incorporates all elements: • • Installed capital cost • • Cost of capital • • Cost of O&M over the life of the installation • • Cost of major overhauls and subsystem replacement • • Fuel costs Typical Payback Time on Investments in Renewable Energy Projects[2] (Based on 5% for 20 years)

  15. 10-Environment Consideration CO2 Emissions from Different Power Generating Technologies[1] Missing or inadequate data for analysis, estimated to contribute = 1% Not applicable -Renewable energy is perceived to be environmentally with very low or no greenhouse gas emission -Renewable energy projects as considered to be more environmentally than their fossil fuelled competition.

  16. References [1] WEC Committee on Renewable [2] www.worldenergy.org [3] Survey of Energy Resources, WEC 2004 [4] • 1. Landfill Gas, the Case for Renewable Energy, CDC, 1998 • 2. Wind Energy Costs, National Wind Coordinating Committee • 3. ORMAT Data • 4. BP Projects in the Philippines, 2002 • 5. New Renewable Energy, Kan Energy AS, Norwegian Developments, 1998 [5] The Case for Renewable Energy in Emerging Markets, W-J van Wijk, CDC, ORMAT [6] Based on EU data – Scientific and Technological References, Energy Technology Indicators, 2002

  17. Thank you

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