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Lesson 113

Lesson 113. LESSON PRESENTATION Direct Variation. LESSON PRESENTATION Inverse Variation. Example 113.1. Example 113.2. Example 113.4. Example 113.3. Example 113.5. Direct Variation ~ Inverse Variation. Direct Variation.

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Lesson 113

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  1. Lesson 113 LESSON PRESENTATION Direct Variation LESSON PRESENTATION Inverse Variation Example 113.1 Example 113.2 Example 113.4 Example 113.3 Example 113.5 Direct Variation ~ Inverse Variation

  2. Direct Variation In mathematics, two quantities are said to be proportional if they vary in such a way that one of the quantities is a constant multiple of the other, or equivalently if they have a constant ratio. Proportion also refers to the equality of two ratios. For example: Suppose at a particular athletic event there are twice as many boys as girls. We can describe this relations ship using the equation We can use this equation to find the number of boys at the event if we know the number of girls. In this case the “2” is the constant ratio.

  3. Direct Variation Given two variables x and y, y is (directly) proportional to x (y varies directly as x) if there is a non-zero constant k such that • and the constant ratio is called the proportionality constant or constant of proportionality (or constant of variation).

  4. Direct Variation Example 113.1 The mass of a substance varies directly as the volume of the substance. If the mass of 2 liters of the substance is 10 kilograms, what will be the volume of 35 kilograms of the substance? 1) We first recognize the words “varies directly” that imply the relationship Solution: 2) Read the problem again to find the values of M and V that can be used to find the value of the constant k. Use these values to solve for k. 3) Replace k in the equation with the value we found. 4) Reread the problem again to find that we are asked to find the value of V when M is 35.

  5. Direct Variation Example 113.2 The distance traversed by a car traveling at a constant speed is directly proportional to the time spent traveling. If the car goes 75 kilometers in 5 hours, how far will it go in 7 hours? directly proportional

  6. Direct Variation varies Example 113.3 Under certain conditions the pressure of a gas varies directly as the temperature. When the pressure is 800 pascals, the temperature is 400 K. What is the temperature when the pressure is 400 pascals. directly The temperature is 200 K when the pressure is 400 pascals.

  7. Inverse Variation When a problem states that one variable varies inversely as the other variable or that the value of one variable is inversely proportional to the value of the other variable, an equation of the form • is implied, where kis the constant of proportionality and Vand K are the variables. Let’s compare the equations for direct and inverse variation. Direct Variation Inverse Variation

  8. Inverse Variation Example 113.4 Under certain conditions, the pressure of a perfect gas varies inversely as the volume. When the pressure of a quantity of gas 7 pascals, the volume is 75 liters. What would be the volume if the pressure is increased to 15 pascals? varies inversely

  9. Inverse Variation inversely proportional Example 113.5 To travel a fixed distance, the rate is inversely proportional to the time required. When the rate is 60 kilometers per hour, the time required is 4 hours. What would be the time required for the same distance if the rate is increased to 80 kilometers per hour?

  10. Questions? If you are viewing this presentation in class, please ask your questions now! If you are viewing this presentation online, please make a note of your questions and ask your teacher in class.

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