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S-113

S-113. What is the periodic Table? How is it arranged?. S-116. What subatomic structure is reflected in the periodic table?. SPS4 Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table a. Determine the trends of the following Number of valence electrons

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S-113

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  1. S-113 • What is the periodic Table? • How is it arranged?

  2. S-116 • What subatomic structure is reflected in the periodic table?

  3. SPS4 Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table a. Determine the trends of the following Number of valence electrons Types of ions formed by representative elements Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Phases at room temperature b. Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for representative elements Unit 5 The Periodic Table

  4. How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table? What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev’s table? 5.1 Organizing the Elements

  5. 5.1 Organizing the Elements How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table? • 1860 Mendeleev organizes the periodic table • Rows (called periods) by increasing mass • Later by atomic number • Columns (called groups or families) by similar chemical and physical properties • Periodic – means that properties repeat at regular intervals • Only knew 63 elements • He predicted the properties of blanks in his periodic table

  6. 5.1 Organizing the Elements What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev’s table? • Mendeleev predicted elements • Eka-aluminum (one below aluminum) • Soft metal with a low melting point and a density of 5.9 g/cm3 • 1875 Gallium (Ga) discovered • Soft metal, melting point 29.7oC, density of 5.91 g/cm3 • Proved the patterns could be used to predict elements

  7. S-118 • What two characteristics are used to organize the modern periodic table?

  8. How is the modern periodic table organized? What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table? 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table

  9. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table How is the modern periodic table organized? • Periodic Law • Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (protons) • Period – rows on the periodic table • As the row number increases outside electrons are in higher energy levels • First energy level hold 2 – so hydrogen and helium have electrons in first energy level • Second energy level holds 8 – so second row has eight elements

  10. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table How is the modern periodic table organized? • Periodic Law • Properties of elements repeat in predictable ways and are used to place element in columns • Group – columns • Numbered 1-18 • Some have names • 1 alkali metals • 2 alkaline earth metals • 17 halogens • 18 noble gases

  11. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? • Atomic Mass • Measured in atomic mass units (u) • One twelfth of the mass of Carbon-12 • Average Atomic Mass - calculated using weighted averages • The abundance of an isotope (add up to 100%) • Mass of each different isotope

  12. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? • Elements are classified in three ways • Natural vs Man made • Technetium (Tc) • All elements above 92

  13. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? • Elements are classified in three ways • State of Matter at room temperature • Liquids – Hg, and Br • Gases – Group 18, H, N, O, F, Cl • Solids – the rest of the elements up to 92

  14. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table? • Elements are classified in three ways • Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids • Metals Left of zig-zag line • Transition Metals – group 3-12 • Non-Metals – right of zig-zag line • Metalloids – touch the zig-zag line, except Aluminum

  15. 5.2 The Modern Periodic Table How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table? • Changes in properties across a periodic table • From left to right • Become less metallic, more nometallic • More likely to gains electrons, less likely to lose them

  16. S-119 • For the element Iron, answer the following questions • 1. metal, nonmetal, metalloid? • 2. state of matter at room temperature? • 3. average atomic mass? • 4. name of group? • 5. period?

  17. Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? What are some properties of the A groups in the periodic table? 5.3 Representative Groups

  18. 5.3 Representative Groups Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? • Valence Electrons • Electrons in the highest occupied energy level • Major factor in chemical reactions • Elements in the same group, have the same valence electrons

  19. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Alkali Metals • Group one • 1 valence electron • React by losing 1 electron • Gain a positive charge • Highly reactive

  20. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Alkaline Earth Metals • Group two • 2 valence electrons • React by losing 2 electron • Gain a positive charge • Less reactive

  21. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Boron Family • Group 13 • 3 valence electrons • React by losing 3 electron • Gain a positive charge

  22. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Carbon Family • Group 14 • 4 valence electrons • React by sharing electrons

  23. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Nitrogen Family • Group 15 • 5 valence electrons • React by gaining electrons • Gain negative charge

  24. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Chalcogens (Oxygen Family) • Group 16 • 6 valence electrons • React by gaining electrons • Gain negative charge • More reactive

  25. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Halogens • Group 17 • 7 valence electrons • React by gaining electrons • Gain negative charge • Very reactive

  26. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Noble Gases • Group 18 • 8 valence electrons • Do not react or form compounds

  27. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Transition Metals (Transition Elements) • Group 3-12 • 2 valence electrons • Additional electrons are filling lower energy levels • All have similar properties • What we think of as “Metals”

  28. 5.3 Representative Groups What are some properties of the A groups? • Actinide and Lanthenide Series • No group number • 2 valence electrons • Additional electrons are filling lower energy levels • Very few things that we deal with on a regular basis

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