1 / 15

EEP 143 Lecture 10 Case Studies*

EEP 143 Lecture 10 Case Studies*. Outline: Ink-Jet Printer Email Hybrid Corn Green Revolution * we’ll revisit these again later, too!. Case Study: Ink-Jet Printer. Canon and HP Search for cheaper, fast, colored alternative to laser Role of creative attention to analogies:

gagan
Download Presentation

EEP 143 Lecture 10 Case Studies*

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. EEP 143 Lecture 10Case Studies* • Outline: • Ink-Jet Printer • Email • Hybrid Corn • Green Revolution * we’ll revisit these again later, too!

  2. Case Study: Ink-Jet Printer • Canon and HP • Search for cheaper, fast, colored alternative to laser • Role of creative attention to analogies: • Solder iron touched syringe (Canon) • Coffee percolator (HP)

  3. Ink-Jet Printer • Practice ahead of theory: phreatic reaction • not yet understood • Competitors both with patent suites • Duplication or?

  4. Ink-Jet Printer • Practice ahead of theory: phreatic reaction • not yet understood • Competitors both with patent suites • Collaboration on complementary technology • Print heads, then ink, paper feed, software • Initially unsatisfactory progress • Role of Demand: need for color saves the day

  5. Case Study: Email • Serendipity • Role of enabling innovations

  6. Case Study: Hybrid Corn • Griliches (1960) examined the economic reasons why the diffusion of hybrid corn was so different among different areas in the US • Note that the following graph is taken from Griliches, Z. (1960). "Hybrid Corn and the Economics of Innovation." Science132(3422): 275-280. • He identified the general pattern of the S-shaped curve and saw that there are three important parameters that differentiate the type of diffusion: • Date of beginning • Relative speed (slope) • Final level (carrying capacity)

  7. Case Study: Hybrid Corn • Relative speed: • Reflects difference in profitability across regions • reflects differences across farmers within regions • Many farmers had to be first to be convinced for the superiority of the seed • It was also due to absolute size of increase in profits; the percentage change in profits was the same for all farmers but big farms would have big absolute change in profits, justifying higher adjustment costs of faster adoption • Final level: • As in relative speed, that depended on the change in profits

  8. Case Study: Hybrid Corn • In turn he examined the economic reasons were different among different states • Date of entry: • Innovators entered states where the expected profits were higher • Different seeds had to be developed for different areas; however, seeds didn’t have to be different across latitude • So, areas were adopting by similarity of latitude • North states entered faster because there were bigger markets for corn

  9. Case Study Hybrid Corn

  10. Case Study: Green Revolution • Evenson and Gollin (2003) examined the development of modern high-yielding crop varieties (MVs) throughout different areas of the world • They saw that different areas differed in the rate of diffusion in the MVs • Also they found that the Green Revolution didn’t stop in the 60’s; instead it was just beginning • They found that the contribution of the innovative MVs on productivity was more influential during 1981 to 2000

  11. Case Study: Green Revolution • Role of International Agricultural Research Centers: plant type as platform • Adopted as parents by NARS • Role of National Agricultural Research Centers (NARS) • Essential adaptive research • Little influence on other countries

  12. Case Study: Green Revolution • Role of International Agricultural Research Centers: • plant type as platform • Adopted as parents by NARS • Role of National Agricultural Research Centers (NARS) • Essential adaptive research • Little influence on other countries • Negligible role of developed country plant breeding • Essential adaptive research • Little influence on other countries

  13. Case Study: Green Revolution • Need for long-term cumulative investment • Knowledge • Elite “germplasm” (genetic material for breeding – e.g. seed • Wheat, rice had head start • Root crops, beans etc now showing gains • Sub-Sahara Africa as special challenge • environmental effect of yield growth • Human nutritional effect

  14. Case Study: Green Revolution Evenson, R. E. and D. Gollin (2003). "Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000." Science300(5620):

More Related