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Imperialism in India. New Imperialism. European countries sought out direct control over vast territories Capitalist markets were looking for markets and raw materials (i.e. rubber, tin, oil, rice, gold, diamonds, etc.). Q: How did the European powers keep the colonies under control?.
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New Imperialism • European countries sought out direct control over vast territories • Capitalist markets were looking for markets and raw materials (i.e. rubber, tin, oil, rice, gold, diamonds, etc.)
Q: How did the European powers keep the colonies under control?
Types of Government (1) Indirect Rule: Local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting • It was cheaper because fewer officials were needed to be trained
Types of Government (2) Direct Rule: If local leaders did not cooperate with Europeans they were replaced with European officials • Local elites were not allowed to hold powerful positions in government
(3) Protectorate • A state or territory partly controlled by the military or government of a stronger state • Dependent on another country for its protection • Autonomous in internal affairs
Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia • Dutch East Indies • Malay Peninsula • Indochina • Philippines • British India • Burma • Australia
Dutch East Indies • Known for its rich soil which allowed the harvesting of: coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, and tea • Mines were formed to exploit rich deposits of tin and copper • Forests yielded timber and hardwoods
Dutch East Indies • The Dutch became notorious for the use of forced slave labor, known as the culture system
Philippine Islands • Spanish used similar methods to reap the rewards from their tobacco and sugar plantations in the Philippine Islands • In 1898, the Philippines were given to the United States as part of the settlement for their loss of the Spanish-American War
Southeast Asia Mainland • British took control of India in the early 1800s • Meanwhile, the French imperialized modern-day Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam forming French Indochina
British Rule in India • To rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and military bases • The Company hired sepoys (Indian soldiers) protect Britain’s interests • Sepoys made up 84% of troops employed in India
Fighting for Independence • 1857: Indians led the Sepoy Mutiny • Indians called this the First War of Independence • Immediate case of revolt: Rumor spread that the troops’ new rifle cartridges were made of cow and pig fat
Sepoy Mutiny • After a group of Sepoys were imprisoned for refusing to load their rifles, troops went on a rampage killing 50 British men, women, and children
Cost of British Rule • British manufactured goods destroyed local industries • British textiles put Indian women out of work • Increased taxes • Stripped the Indian people of their civil rights
Starvation • Forced farmers to switch from growing food to cotton • Food supplies could not keep up with growing population • 30 million Indians starved
A Fight for Independence Mohandas Gandhi “Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.”
Social Unrest and Violence • Indians killed 200 British women at the House of Ladies in Kanpur • British parliament transferred power from the British East India Company directly to the British government • British brought order and stability to India by appointing a Viceroy (British governor)
Gandhi Movie Clips • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6LxXZ32HwM – first ½ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sCsArbBloU – salt march • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAs8uvKNkcU – fasting?
