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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle. Order of cell organization………. Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism. **Cells must divide and create many cells in order for this process to occur. The Cell Cycle  Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Interphase (G 1 , S and G 2 ). G 1 – (Organelles Duplicate).

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The Cell Cycle

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  1. The Cell Cycle

  2. Order of cell organization……… Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism **Cells must divide and create many cells in order for this process to occur

  3. The Cell Cycle  Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis Interphase (G1, S and G2) G1 – (Organelles Duplicate) S – DNA synthesizes (also called duplicates or replicates) G2 – (Cell prepares to divide)

  4. The Cell Cycle**Interphase Organelles replicate, DNA synthesizes and cell prepares to divide** Mitosisis Asexual Reproduction Divides Nucleus**Cytokinesis Divides Cytoplasm

  5. Interphase – Prepares for Mitosis ** Majority of time for a cell is in this phase ** Cell grows ** Organelles duplicated (G1) **DNA synthesizes (S) ** Only chromatin (uncoiled chromosomes) visible

  6. Chromosomes Duplicate In the S Phase of Interphase • Carriers of genes • Some genes carry the “instructions” for protein production • Remember, chromosomes are duplicated during the S phase of Interphase prior to mitosis! • You have 46 total chromosomes in the nucleus of most of your cells!!

  7. **Nuclear Division Called Mitosis

  8. After Interphase **Four phases of mitosis (cell division) are: **Prophase **Metaphase **Anaphase **Telophase **Recall Mitosis Divides the nucleus, Cytokinesis Divides the Cytoplasm

  9. Prophase ** Duplicated chromosomes become visible ** A spindle, football shape structure that contains many fibers, moves to opposite poles

  10. Metaphase **Chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE of the cell ) its equator) **Each chromatid is attached to a separate spindle fiber by its centromere (in the middle!!)

  11. Anaphase ** Centromeres split pulling apart sister chromatids. ** Chromatids move to opposite poles

  12. Telophase Animal Cell ** Chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin ** Two nuclei appear ** In animals a cleavage furrow forms (plants have a cell plate) ** In plants a cell plate forms between the 2 cells

  13. Cytokinesis – Division of Cytoplasm ** Two new identical daughter cells after

  14. Mitosis at a Glance– Cell Division

  15. Cytokinesis in an Animal Cell ONLY in animal cells

  16. Cytokinesisin a Plant Cell Only in Plants Only in Plants

  17. Onion Root Tip – Can You Find the Stages of Mitosis

  18. Mitosis in Real Time

  19. Modeling Mitosis

  20. Really Cool Animation

  21. Cell Cycle in Prokaryotes (Bacteria) **NO TRUE NUCLEUS!!! DNA replicates and the plasma membrane just pinches inward to form two new cells.

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