The Scientific Revolution

1. The Scientific Revolution Chapter 6.1

2. Learning targets • I can………………………….. • 1) Explain the approaches to science that were used prior to the enlightenment. (Dark Ages) • 2) Identify historical reasons for the Scientific Revolution. (Why did it happen?) 3) Describe the new scientific approaches. 4) List scientific breakthroughs that took place as a result of the Scientific Revolution.

3. Terms and People • Geocentric Theory • Heliocentric Theory • Scientific Revolution • Scientific Method • Galileo Galilei • Isaac Newton • Secularism

4. Discussion question • How would you react if someone told that they had scientifically proven that: • The Earth was flat? • Humans evolved from cats? • Dinosaurs never existed? • The sky might fall down on our heads? • What would you do if you made a discovery like one of the examples?

5. Scientific Revolution • 1500’s – Scientists begin to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation.

6. Modern Science • The Medieval View • Most knowledge comes from the Bible, Greeks and Romans • Supports Geocentric Theory – moon, sun and planets revolve around the earth. • Due to the social and political power of the church, it was considered to also be the authority on scientific matters.

7. Geocentric Theory

8. New Way of Thinking • Renaissance and Age of Exploration create new ways of thinking • The invention of the printing press helped spread ideas • Scientific Revolution – new way of viewing natural world – based on observation and inquiry. (Why questions began)

9. New discoveries and exploration open up thinking. • New developments in astronomy and mathematics • Many scientist discoveries did not match up with ancient beliefs

10. New Model of Universe • Heliocentric – Copernicus’ theory to replace the geocentric view – states that all planets revolve around the sun • Scientists later prove him to be correct

11. Heliocentric Model

12. Galileo’s Discoveries • Italian Scientist Galileo Galilei makes important advances in astronomy • Makes discovery about planet surfaces, supports heliocentric theory

13. Conflict with the Church • Church attacks Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken people’s faith • Pope forces Galileo to declare his and other new findings as wrong

14. “With sincere heart and unpretended faith I…detest the aforesaid errors and heresies [of Copernicus] and also every other error…contrary to the Holy Church” • -Galileo Galilei before court in 1633

15. Scientific Method • Logical Approach – New thinking leads to scientific method – series of steps for forming and testing of scientific theories • Observation • Hypothesis • Experimentation • Conclusion

16. Bacon and Descartes • Help create scientific method • Bacon urges scientists to experiment before drawing conclusions • Descartes advocates using logic, math to reason out basic truths

17. Newton’s Law of Gravity • Isaac Newton – English scientist develops theory of motion – states that the same forces rule motion of planets, matter in space, and earth.

18. Motion in space and earth linked by the law of Universal Gravitation – holds that every object in universe attracts every other object • Newton views universe as a vast, perfect mechanical clock

19. Revolution Spreads • Scientific Instruments • Scientists develop microscope, barometer, and thermometer • New data is achieved and new and better observation leads to new discoveries

20. Medicine and the Human body • New research leads to better understanding of anatomy • First vaccination – for smallpox – created by Edward Jenner

21. Chemistry • Robert Boyle argues that matter is made of many different particles • Boyle’s law reveals interaction of volume, temperature, and gas pressure

22. Which of the following was considered to be the approach most likely to be used prior to the Scientific Revolution in seeking scientific answers? • Using question and answer approaches to seeking an answer. • Asking a local priest for the answer. • Using a trial and error approach. • Using a research based method to seeking answers.

23. Which of the following events most likely influenced the Scientific Revolution to the greatest degree? • The decline of the Roman Empire • The start of the “Dark Ages”. • The Renaissance period. • The collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

24. Examine the following choices and identify the one that you believe led to the start of the scientific discoveries? • The rise of secularism. • The increased power of the church. • An increase in strong monarchies. • The rise of modern states.

25. What was Galileo’s contribution to the Scientific Revolution? • His evidence supported the geocentric theory • He provided evidence of the heliocentric theory. • He supported Isaac Newton’s law of gravity. • He proposed adapting the Greek philosophy into science.

26. Using a half sheet of paper, answer the following two questions. • Explain the scientific method in one paragraph. • Identify three scientific breakthroughs that took place during the Scientific Revolution.