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UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS

UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS. OBJECTIVES. Define Human Rights Defend Human Rights Deter Violations. DEFINITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Rights inherent in our nature as human beings and without which we cannot live as human beings. HUMAN RIGHTS CATEGORIES. Integrity of the Person Freedom From Torture

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UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS

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  1. UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS

  2. OBJECTIVES • Define Human Rights • Defend Human Rights • Deter Violations

  3. DEFINITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Rights inherent in our nature as human beings and without which we cannot live as human beings

  4. HUMAN RIGHTS CATEGORIES • Integrity of the Person • Freedom From Torture • Freedom From Arbitrary Arrest • Fair Trial • Privacy • Social & Economic • Food and Shelter • Civil and Political

  5. HUMAN RIGHTS GENERATIONS • First Generation - Political and Civil • Second Generation - Social, Economic and Cultural • Third Generation - • Development • Environment • Peace • Access to Resources

  6. SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS • Philosophy • Religion • Legislation, inspired by • revolutionary movements • increasing sensitivity for the dignity of mankind

  7. HUMAN RIGHTS: COMPETING INTERESTS • State Sovereignty • Individual Protection • Personal Motivations • Racism • Religious discrimination • Role of women

  8. HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION • Disinterest of Intervening Powers • Human Rights Atrocities • Degree a Nation Actively Participates in or Condones Human Rights Violations • Collective Action • Protection of Local Populations

  9. HUMAN RIGHTS - PRE W.W.II • Treaties • Geneva and Hague Conventions • League of Nations

  10. FDR’s FOUR FREEDOMS • Freedom of Speech/Expression • Freedom From Fear • Freedom From Want • Freedom of Religion

  11. WAR CRIMES TRIALS • International Jurisdiction • Crimes Against Humanity • Genocide

  12. UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 1(3) “The Purposes of the United Nations are: 3. To achieve international cooperation in ....promoting and encouraging respect for Human Rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”

  13. UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 55 “The United Nations shall promote: Universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.”

  14. UN CHARTER - ARTICLE 56 “All members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.”

  15. CONSEQUENCES OF THE UN CHARTER • Human Rights are an international concern • UN authority to define Human Rights • UN protection of Human Rights • International Law • Investigations

  16. INTERNATIONAL BILLOF HUMAN RIGHTS • UN Charter • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Civil and Political Rights • Optional Protocol to Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

  17. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ARTICLE 29 LIMITATIONS ONLY IF NECESSARY TO: 1) Secure due recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others 2) Meet the requirements of: • Justice • Morality • Public Order • General Welfare

  18. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS • Article 1: Everyone Is Free and Is Entitled to Human Rights • Article 2: No Discrimination

  19. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS • Civil and Political Rights • Article 4: No Slavery • Article 5: No Torture • Articles 6 - 12: Legal Procedure • Articles 13 - 15: Mobility • Articles 18 - 21: Political Rights

  20. UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS • Social and Economic Rights • Article 16: Marriage • Article 17: Property • Articles 22 & 25: Social Security • Articles 23 & 24: Employment • Article 26: Education

  21. INTERNATIONAL BILLOF HUMAN RIGHTS • UN Charter • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Civil and Political Rights • Optional Protocol to Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

  22. REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION • American Convention on Human Rights • African Charter on Human and People’s Rights • European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

  23. ACHIEVING HUMAN RIGHTS GOALS • Example • Diplomacy • Asylum • World Opinion • Foreign Assistance • Economic Sanctions • World Organizations

  24. ACHIEVING HUMAN RIGHTS GOALS • International Courts • International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia • International Criminal Tribunal for Somalia • International Criminal Tribunal for Sierra Leone • International Criminal Court

  25. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT “No Security Assistance to Governments Which Engage in a Pattern of Gross Violations of Internationally Recognized Human Rights”

  26. U.N. CHARTER AFFIRMS“THE EQUAL RIGHTS OFMEN AND WOMEN” Article 2 – Equal rights regardless of differences in gender

  27. UN CONVENTIONS ONAFFIRMING THE EQUALITY OF WOMEN • Political Rights of Women (1952) • The Nationality of Married Women (1957) • Marriage: Consent, Minimum Age and Registration of Marriages (1962) • Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)

  28. U.S. LEGAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS PROTECTION • United States Constitution • The Bill of Rights • Federal Statutes • State Statutes • Government Regulation U. S. Supreme Court

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