Rural Water Association of Utah

1. Rural Water Associationof Utah Source Water Protection

2. Source Protection Overview

3. Source Protection Is Necessary Because: Surface and ground water are vulnerable to contamination.

4. Sources That Have Been Contaminated in Utah Salt Lake City’s Sugarhouse well contaminated with PCE. Some of Mapleton’s wells contaminated with nitrate. Sevier Town well contaminated with fecal coliform. Weber River problems with bacteria & crypto. Some of Kennecott’s wells contaminated with perchlorate.

5. Source Protection Is Cost Effective It costs $100,000 - $500,000 to develop a source of drinking water for a community system in Utah. Source protection plans account for $1,500 - $5,000 of these costs. Protecting a source of drinking water costs a lot less than cleaning it up or replacing it.

6. Three Major Components of Source Protection Delineate protection zones. Inventory potential contamination sources. Manage existing and future potential contamination sources.

7. Delineation Defines the surface and subsurface area surrounding a drinking water source, through which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward and reach the source.

8. Protection Zones: Ground Water

9. Protection Zones: Surface Water

10. An Inventory Is: A list of potential contamination sources within the source protection areas.

11. Management Programs Developed at the local level at the complete discretion of the water system. Intended to be well-thought out plans to control potential contamination source hazards.

12. Non-regulatory Land Management Strategies Public Education Best Management and Pollution Prevention Practices (BMPs & P2) Ground-Water Monitoring Household Hazardous Waste Collection Water Conservation Programs Written Agreements Property Purchase

13. Regulatory Land Management Strategies Zoning Ordinances Subdivision Ordinances Site Plan Reviews Design Standards Pollution Source Prohibitions Property Condemnation

14. Management Programs Non-regulatory - usually works best for existing potential contamination sources. Regulatory - usually works best to control future potential contamination sources.

15. How Can Local Government Help? Education and cooperation are the best tools public water systems have to protect their sources from existing potential contamination sources. Zoning ordinances passed by local officials are the best ways to control pollution sources that may want to locate near wells and springs in the future.

16. How Can Local Government Help? The source protection zones of many public water systems are in areas outside of their jurisdiction… cities, towns & counties can help by working with public water systems near their jurisdictions to enact ordinances that protect them by preventing future pollution sources from locating in their most sensitive protection zones.

17. How Can Local Government Help? Protection programs must be setup in advance of potential problems to be effective. If a developer’s plans meet current zoning ordinances, it is very difficult and usually illegal for local government to restrict their proposal just as the development plans are made public.

18. How Can Local Government Help? These ordinances need only exclude the very worst pollution sources in the most sensitive zones. Most other development can exist within source protection zones if it is controlled through design standards and education.

19. Land Use Authority The Division of Drinking Water has no authority to regulate land use. Cities, towns, and Counties do have authority to enact ordinances to regulate land use at the local level.

20. Local Governments that have Enacted Source Protection Ordinances: Counties Box Elder Kane Millard Tooele Wasatch Washington Cities & Towns Brigham Tooele Delta Morgan Enoch Provo Loa Salt Lake Midvale Sandy Cedar City

21. The Farm Service Agency Source Protection Program

22. RWAU’s Source Water Protection Program The Farm Service Agency has contracted with the Rural Water Association to carry out the Source Water Protection Program to help systems implement their source protection plans.

23. RWAU’s Source Water Protection Program The Source Water Specialist may assist any system that serves a population less than 10,000; however, a priority is placed on assisting systems that: have at least three sources, or have teamed up with other systems near them to implement their source protection plans.

24. Source Water Protection Activities Update the Inventory of Potential Contamination Sources. Invite local government representatives to a workshop to discuss their ability to help protect your wells and springs. Organize a Steering Committee to follow through on implementing the preventive measures adopted in the workshop.

25. Source Water Protection Program Participation in RWAU’s Source Water Protection Program ensures: That your source protection plans will be up to date and implemented, and the Updated Source Protection Plans required by the Division of Drinking Water will be complete and ready for submittal.

26. Public Notification

27. Public Notification The Source Protection Section of your next Consumer Confidence Report should be written according to the template which follows on the next slide.

28. Public Notification The Drinking Water Source Protection Plan for «System_Name» is available for your review. It contains information about source protection zones, potential contamination sources, and management strategies to protect our drinking water. Potential contamination sources common in our protection areas are (identify general kinds of greatest concern, such as septic tanks, roads, residential areas, industrial areas, etc.). Additionally, our (well(s) and/or spring(s)) have a (low, medium, high) susceptibility to potential contamination. We have also developed management strategies to further protect our sources from contamination. Please contact us at (phone number), if you would like to review our source protection plan or if you have questions or concerns about it.

29. Public Notification There is no need to follow the template word-for-word; its purpose is to help ensure that you include all of the information that is required. Remember that the Public Notification Statement should generally address all of the wells, springs, and surface sources in your system. Use your own judgment along with the information in your Drinking Water Source Protection Plan to assess the susceptibility (low, medium, or high) of your sources to potential contamination.

30. Public Notification For security purposes, it is acceptable to remove or black out portions of the plan, which is available to the public, that refers to source locations. Maps with source locations may also be removed.

31. Implementing Source Protection Plans

32. Implementing Source Protection Plans Carry out the implementation schedule Keep source protection plans current Protection zone boundary changes Potential contamination source changes Updating management strategies Existing potential contamination sources Future potential contamination sources

33. Implementation Schedule A summary list of land management strategies & beginning implementation dates contained in: Management program for existing potential contamination sources Management program for future potential contamination sources Land management strategies should be carried out according to this schedule.

34. Recordkeeping Section The purpose of the Recordkeeping Section is to document that land management strategies are implemented according to the dates listed in The Implementation Schedule. Include the following documents: ordinances, codes, permits, memoranda of understanding, public education programs, public notifications, and so forth.

35. Updating Drinking Water Source Protection Plans

37. Protection Zone Boundary Changes Increases or decreases in pumping rate Influences from other wells Increases or decreases in their pumping rates New wells within your zone of influence Major reconstruction or deepening of your well

38. Potential Contamination Source Changes Add new potential contamination sources to the inventory when they move into your protection zones. Delete potential contamination sources from the inventory that go out of business or move out of your protection zones.

39. New Potential Contamination Sources Add them to your inventory of potential contamination sources. Assess whether they are “adequately controlled” or “not adequately controlled.” Develop land management strategies to control them.

40. Potential Contamination Sources Changes Periodically check the list of hazards that are being used at potential contamination sources to ensure that it is current.

41. Keep Management Strategies Current Are the management strategies you have for existing potential contamination sources working? Can they be improved?

42. Waivers

43. Waivers-financial Considerations Pesticide analysis is required quarterly and costs about $1,000/sample. VOC analysis is required annually and costs about $200/sample. That is a total of about $4,200/source per year for VOC and pesticide sampling alone.

44. Waivers & Source Protection You must address use and susceptibility waivers for VOCs and pesticides in your Source Protection Plan and Updated Source Protection Plan to qualify for these waivers.

45. Types of Waivers Reliably & consistently....... Use..................... Susceptibility..... Based on monitoring history Based on source protection-inventory Based on source protection-protected aquifer/management