Sentence Structure and Combining

1. Sentence Structure and Combining

2. The Simple Sentence A sentence will… • Express a complete thought. • It can stand alone. • Contains a subject and a predicate. A subject and predicate may be a single word or a group of words. The SUBJECT tells who or what the sentence is about including modifiers (such as adjectives & prepositional phrases). The PREDICATE (VERB/PHRASE) tells something about the SUBJECT including modifiers, object, and compliments..

3. The Simple Sentence • A simple or BASIC sentence will have a subject and a verb (subject and predicate). EXAMPLES Charles went to the park. Laura saw a huge bear. The squirrel ate the food.

4. Complete Subjects & Predicates The complete subject of a sentence tells what the sentence is about. It may be one word or many words. • The boy from Michigan is the world geography champion. (underlined phrase is complete subject) • He knew the answer to every question they asked him. (underlined word is the complete subject) The complete predicate tells what the subject is or does. It may be one word or many words. • He knew the answer to every question they asked him. (What did he know? Underlined is the complete predicate) • The young student won. (What did the young student do? Underlined is the complete predicate.)

5. RECOGNIZING THE COMPLETE SUBJECT AND PREDICATE Notice, that the complete subject is most always the information that comes prior to the predicate. Notice, that the complete predicate is most always the information that follows the verb.

6. Subjects and PredicatesExample ONE • John drove his truck to the Canadian border. drove = Predicate John = Subject Complete predicate = drove his truck to the Canadian border

7. Simple Subject • The Simple Subject tells WHAT or WHOM the sentence is about. Chad, my next door neighbor, went to the store to buy some apples. Complete Subject Simple Subject The Complete Subject tells about the WHOLE subject of the sentence.

8. Simple Predicate • The Simple Predicate tells about the Subject—just the basics John ran down the rocky trail. Complete Predicate Simple Predicate = ran I grabbed the bull by the horns. Complete Predicate Simple Predicate = grabbed

9. REMEMBERThe Basic Sentence • All a sentence needs to have to be complete is a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE (verb)…no matter how big or small it is. I ran. She walked. The bird hopped. The dog growled. He yelled. She cried. The man sat.

10. Whiteboard PracticeNumber from 1 – 5Write down the simple subject and the predicate. Remember when the subject is a proper noun, write the entire proper noun. If a helping verb is present, include the helping verb with the predicate. • Nobel created a fund for prizes for outstanding achievement. • Nobel Prize winners are called Nobel Laureates. • The Dalai Lama has also won the Peace Prize. • Each prize carries a cash award and worldwide recognition. • Winners in literature have included Octavio Paz from Mexico.

11. Kathy saw a humongous alligator in the ditch yesterday. Simple Predicate Subject Now YOU write 2 simple sentences.

12. Partner Trade • Circle the Subject • Underline the Predicate

13. Compound Subject • A sentence has a compound subject if there is more than one subject mentioned in the sentence Example: John and Joan went on a day long hike near Crater Lake. John, Joan = Compound Subjects Now write 2 Compound Subject sentences.

14. Compound Predicate • Andy went to the store and bought somegum. Compound Predicate = two verbs Compound Predicate Now write 2 Compound Predicate sentences.

15. Just What are FANBOYS?OrBoyfans • Coordinating Conjunctions—they join two words or sentences together. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

16. The Compound Sentence • A compound sentence consists of two independents clauses (sentences) joined together by FANBOYS • (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) or a SEMICOLON. h John went to the store. He bought some apples. , and John went to the store, and he bought some apples. NOTICE: THE COMMA ( , ) COMES BEFORE THE COORDINATING CONJUNCTION.

17. Laura wanted to go shopping, but she decided to stay home instead. Doug stayed at home all day long, for he didn’t like to deal with crowds. Andy’s girlfriend was in Austria for six months, so he was pretty bummed out. Examples

18. Now write three Compound Sentences on your own using whiteboard. Use 3 different FANBOYS.

19. Semicolons John went to the store; he bought some apples. s She walked home from school. She missed the bus. ; He drove the car all through the night; he had to get home.

20. Advanced Moves3 Sentences Connected THE MAXIMUM SENTENCES THAT CAN BE CONNECTED TOGETHER ARE THREE!!!!! You can only use a FANBOY one time and a semicolon one time. I wanted a glass of water from the well, but I didn’t have a glass; I was so thirsty. Mr. J was really upset; he didn’t have his jelly donut this morning, for he was late to work by an hour.

21. 3 Types of Sentence Problems • Fragments • Run-ons • Comma Splice

22. Sentence Fragment • Does not make sense. • Is missing a subject or a predicate. • Cannot “stand alone.” No Subject? Walking down by the muddy river. No Predicate Alice, my next door neighbor and best friend. Laughing at the clown sitting on the camel. No Subject or Predicate

23. Run-on Sentences/Comma Splice • A RUN-ON SENTENCE connects two sentences together without using FANBOYS or a SEMICOLON. • A Comma Splice uses only a comma to separate two sentences (it is supposed to be a comma and a FANBOYS) John walked down to the creek, he was going fishing. Comma Splice Andy saw a wild dog it almost attacked him. Run-on She is a really nice person, she reminds me of my mother. Comma Splice

24. Independent Clause • Is another name for a SIMPLE SENTENCE John walked down the dusty road. DEPENDENT CLAUSE • Is another name for a FRAGMENT…joined to an independent clause it has a purpose. While Ms. Wines stepped outside, the students put their hands in the air like they just don’t care.

25. Dependant/Subordinate Clause • Is a basically a Sentence Fragment that is connectedto an Independent Clause. • A subordinating conjunction is sometimes called "a heart word" because it turns two clauses into one. Even though both clauses contain a subject and verb, one becomes dependent on the other and cannot stand alone. One clause becomes the explaining idea for the main idea. While watching the geese fly overhead, Jamie realized that he had forgot his camera. Independent Clause Dependant Clause OR Jamie realized that he had forgot his camera,while watching the geese fly overhead.

26. Dependant Clause cont. • Sitting down to a nice cool glass of lemonade, I was thankful for a break. • James yelled at her for being late, even though it wasn’t her fault. • We played word games after dinnerwhile the kids played basketball outside. • The game, which we like best, is called Sequence.

27. Complex Sentence • A complex sentence consists of one (1) independent clause and one (1) or more dependent clauses. Dependent Clause Example: Since Mickey Mouse is so popular, I don’t think that Olaf will get much press after the movie release. Independent clause

28. SUBORDINATINGCONJUNCTIONS Types of Subordinating Conjunctions • Dependent clauses are introduced by a subordinator (subordinating conjunction), which serves to indicate the dependent status of the clause combined with an independent clause. A dependent clause is usually more informative than the clause it depends on. • Formally, subordinating conjunctions can be grouped as follows: • Simple conjunctions: when, whenever, where, wherever, because, if, unless, until, while, as, although • Conjunctive groups: as if, as though, even if, even though, even when, soon after, no sooner • Complex conjunctions: there are three (3) subclasses: • (1) derived from verbs . . .: provided (that), granted (that), considering (that), seeing (that), suppose (that), supposing (that), so (that) • (2) containing a noun: in case, in the event that, to the extent that, in spite of the fact that, the day, the way • (3) adverbial: so/as long as, as soon as, so/as far as, much as, now (that)"

29. MostCommonSubordinatingConjunctions

30. Complex SentencesHow to punctuate them • If the subordinating conjunction comes at the beginning of the sentence – a comma comes at the end of the dependent clause. • Wrong – Even though I would rather go to the beach I went to the library to study. • Right – Even though I would rather go to the beach, I went to the library to study.

31. Complex SentencesHow to punctuate them • If the subordinating conjunction comes in the middle or at the end of the sentence – no comma is required unless the clause expresses contrast (although, while, whereas). • Wrong – School is not all about studying, since there are lots of clubs and fun activities on campus. • Right – School is not all about studying since there are lots of clubs and fun activities on campus.

32. Complex Sentences • Now Create 3 Complex Sentences • 1 with a dependent clause at the beginning of the sentence • 1 with a dependent clause in the middle • 1 at the end of the sentence

33. Compound-Complex Sentences • A compound complex sentence consists of a dependent clause (or more than one dependent clause) as well as two (2) independent clauses (compound sentence). • Before I went to California, I was sick with a cold, and I ended up with bronchitis to finish up the week. Dependent clause 2 Independent clauses Compound Sentence

34. Four Types of Sentences • Simple: It was John’s turn at bat. • Compound: John hit the ball, and it flew over the fence. • Complex: Because he is such a great baseball player, we always pick John to be on our team. • Compound-Complex: Until the third installment of the Maze Runner series comes out, the well-being or death of the participants will be unknown, and movie-goers will remain in the dark.

35. Three Types of Sentence Problems • Fragment: Just the other day. • Run-on: I like vanilla ice cream my brother does too. • Comma Splice: I wish it was my birthday, I want to get a new mountain bike.

36. Ways to fix them • Make sure you have a Subject and a Predicate. • Use FANBOYS or SEMICOLONS • Remember! When you join independent clauses in a compound sentence or with a semicolon, the information in the sentence must be closely related. • Use commas to set off dependant/subordinate clauses to clear away any confusion.

37. Different Types of Sentences • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_3ZkoAcrUU