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Solid Waste Accounting

Solid Waste Accounting. Outline. Outline. Learning objectives Review of basics (5 min.) Level 1 What? why? (compilers) Concepts (15 min.) Group exercise and discussion (30 min.) Level 2 Data sources, country examples and issues (15 min.) Group exercise and discussion (15 min.)

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Solid Waste Accounting

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  1. Solid Waste Accounting

  2. Outline Outline • Learning objectives • Review of basics (5 min.) • Level 1 What? why? (compilers) • Concepts (15 min.) • Group exercise and discussion (30 min.) • Level 2 • Data sources, country examples and issues (15 min.) • Group exercise and discussion (15 min.) • Closing discussion (10 min.) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  3. 1. Learning Objectives Learning objectives • Level 1 • Understand what Solid Waste Accounts are and why they are important • Understand the basic concepts of solid waste accounting • Understand how solid wastes are treated in the SEEA • Learn the steps of compiling a Solid Waste Account • Level 2 • Understand the common data options and sources • Understand the important conceptual issues • Be aware of how other countries have approached solid waste accounting SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  4. In the news… SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  5. 2. Review of basics Basic concepts • Physical flow accounting • Physical supply and use tables • Accounting identities • Definitions • Residuals • Institutional units SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  6. 2. Review of basics Physical flow accounting Natural inputs are extracted and harvested to create Environment Economy Products, which are consumed, accumulated and discarded, in the process creating Establishments Households Government Natural Inputs Products Natural Resource Residuals Residuals as by-products of production, consumption and accumulation including Residuals Accumulation Imports/Exports Rest of the world Natural resource residuals (unused natural inputs) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  7. 2. Review of basics Physical supply table Environment Rest of the world Domestic production, consumption and accumulation SEEA-CF Table 3.1 SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  8. 2. Review of basics Physical use table Environment Rest of the world Domestic production, consumption and accumulation SEEA-CF Table 3.1 SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  9. 2. Review of basics Accounting identities Over an accounting period: Input-output identity SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  10. 2. Review of basics Accounting identities Supply and use identity (double entry accounting) • Total Supply (including imports) = Total Use (including exports) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  11. 2. Review of basics Definitions SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  12. 3. Level 1 Level 1 • What are Solid Waste Accounts? • Why do we need Solid Waste Accounts? • Concepts • Definitions & Classifications SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  13. 3. Level 1 What are Solid Waste Accounts? • Solid Waste Accounts: • Organized information on the generation of solid waste and the management of flows of solid waste to recycling facilities, to controlled landfills or directly to the environment • Solid wastes: • Discarded materials that are no longer required by the owner or user SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  14. Level 1 3. Level 1 Why? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  15. 3. Level 1 Why? Municipal and other waste management Chemicals and All Waste Waste Generation Global Food Waste SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  16. 3. Level 1 Why? 11.6.1 Percentage of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge with regard to the total waste generated by the city 12.4.2 Treatment of waste, generation of hazardous waste, hazardous waste management, by type of treatment 12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons of material recycled 12.3.1 Global food loss index (GFLI) *GFLI: measures the total losses of agricultural commodities from the production to the retail level SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  17. 3. Level 1 Why? • Waste statistics are not coherent • Waste Accounts • Help organize statistics by types, sources, suppliers, users and final disposition • How much? Who? How treated? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  18. 3. Level 1 Definitions • Solid Waste: discarded materials that are no longer required by the owner or user: • Chemical and health-care waste • Radioactive waste • Metallic waste • Other recyclables • Discarded equipment and vehicles • Animal and vegetal wastes • Mixed residential and commercial waste • Mineral wastes and soil • Combustion wastes • Other wastes Detailed list from European Waste Classification EWC-Stat (SEEA-CF pp 301-303) What is missing? What could be suggested? What about plastics? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  19. 3. Level 1 Physical Supply and Use Table Use Generation/Supply Main suppliers of solid waste among many different suppliers SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  20. 3. Level 1 Concepts • Product or residual? • If payment made = solid waste product (e.g., recycled materials) • Home: • Newspapers = solid waste  recycling, garbage • Recycling industry: recovered  product • Waste management industry  landfill • Business • Newspapers  recycling (product) • Recycling industry  product • Second-hand products ≠ solid waste • Should be treated as flows of products whether the receiving unit can reuse the product for the same purpose for which it was conceived product Treated as a transaction in a product, not as a residual receiver discarder money / benefits SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  21. 3. Level 1 Concepts • Important industries • Other industries (Generate + Use) • Households (Generate) • Landfill (Use  accumulation) • Incineration (Generate + Use) • Recycling & Reuse (Recover + Use) • Other treatment (Generate + Use) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  22. 3. Level 1 + Waste generation Imports ② to ⑤ Households + ① to ⑤ + Recovered residuals from the Environment Collected wastes Uncollected wastes ⑤ ② ③ ④ ① Other industries Other treatment Recycling & Reuse Incineration Landfill Residual Flows Exports Product Flows The environment SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  23. 3. Level 1 Group exercise • Version 1: conduct a waste audit of the facility you are in • Version 2: follow a scenario of paper use • Choose one SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  24. 3. Level 1 Group exercise [V1]: Solid waste audit • Hotel/facility: Estimate amounts and types of solid wastes • Accounting period: estimate annual from daily, monthly… • Inputs (imports) • Natural inputs: sand, soil (not water, fuel) • Products: food, supplies, equipment • Processes • Guests (import products  disposal) • Food: consume  solid waste (not wastewater?) • Operations (Engineering/grounds)  generation? • Others: accumulation, incineration, treatment, recycling, reuse • Outputs • Solid waste  export, return to environment SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  25. 3. Level 1 Exercise: Solid waste audit • 5. Total outputs: • Solid waste • Recycle • Treat • Environment • Accumulation? • 1. Total inputs: • Natural inputs? • Products • Food • Supplies • Equipment • Guests? • Analysis • How much? • Main sources? • Where does it go? • How to reduce? • Impacts? • Processes: • 2. Housekeeping • 3. Kitchen • 4. Operations SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  26. 3. Level 1 Solid waste account (tonnes/year) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  27. 3. Level 1 Solid waste account (tonnes/year) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  28. 3. Level 1 Analysis & recommendations • Groups together: • Questions? • Compare and integrate data (tonnes/year) • Complete solid waste account • Check balances and estimate gaps • Answer: • How much solid waste is produced per year? • Where does it go? • What are the main sources of solid waste in this facility? • What are some easy ways to reduce this waste? • What would be the impacts of reducing this waste? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  29. 3. Level 1 Group exercise [V2]: Paper use • Scenario: NSO takes in (supply) • 10T for office use • 125T in publications and printed materials • 5T in other papers • Division I (Administration) • Uses 7T office paper • 5T for print own reports; kept for 3 years • 2T for single use; to recycling • Received 10T paper in publications • 3T displayed for 2 years; rest to trash • Used 3T other papers • Division II (Social statistics) • Used 2T office papers and 1T other papers • Received 60T printed questionnaires and 5T publications • Publications and papers to trash; questionnaires retained for 5 years • Waste management unit • Recovered 23T from trash; 3t from recycling bins; • “Other divisions” throw 1T letterhead into the environment, which is recovered • Collected 7T from “other divisions” • Compile the solid waste table SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  30. 3. Level 1 Solid waste account (tonnes/year) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  31. 3. Level 1 Solid waste account (tonnes/year) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  32. 4. Level 2 Level 2: More concepts • No standard international classification (may be listed in various regulations) • In/Out • Data sources • Country examples SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  33. 4. Level 2 Natural resources inputs and residuals Natural resource residuals that belong to solid wastes SEEA-CF Table 3.3 SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  34. 4. Level 2 Data sources • Waste management industry (private, government) • Administrative or survey • Collection by type & source • Disposition: recycle, treat, landfill • Expenditures • General business, government, household surveys • Waste generation by type • Disposition: recycle, reuse, treat, collection, to environment • Expenditures • Case studies/research reports/CSR/NGOs • Alternative sources? Waste audit, photos, maps SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  35. 4. Level 2 Country examples • Statistics Norway • Australia Bureau of Statistics • Statistics Canada • HAE 2011 Waste in Canada • Account? • Costs • Quantities • Mexico costs of management • Others? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  36. 4. Level 2 Statistics Norway • Waste account for Norway • Amounts of waste by source of origin • Waste in Norway by treatment and material • Waste in Norway by source and material SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  37. 4. Level 2 Statistics Norway • Data sources and sampling • Household waste statistics (Statistics Norway) • Manufacturing industry statistics (Statistics Norway) • Hazardous waste statistics (Statistics Norway) • Construction waste statistics (Statistics Norway) • Waste from service industries (Statistics Norway) • Waste treatment and disposal statistics (Statistics Norway) • Household waste composition data (Statistics Norway) • Building and construction statistics (Statistics Norway) • Statistics on cars scrapped for deposit (Statistics Norway) • Municipal wastewater statistics (Statistics Norway) • Statistics on recycling on different types of waste by producers responsibility organisations and the recycling industry • Forurensning (database for the businesses' self-reporting to the Climate and pollution agency) • Oljeindustrienslandforening, OLF • WEEE-registry (ee-registeret, A registry on collected and treated electric and electronic equipment) Data do not come from one source. There are many data sources… SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  38. 4. Level 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics • GVA = Gross Value Added Waste intensity is increasing SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  39. 4. Level 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics Who’s generating most waste? A lot of waste is being recovered SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  40. 4. Level 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  41. 4. Level 2 Statistics Canada Contents • Waste disposal by source, province and territory • Disposal and diversion of waste, by province and territory • Capital expenditures on pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe) by medium and industry • Capital expenditures on pollution prevention by medium and industry • Expenditures on environmental protection by industry and activity • Water use parameters in manufacturing industries, by industry group, Canada SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  42. 4. Level 2 Statistics Canada Data sources: Statistics Canada: • Waste Management Industry Survey: Government Sector • Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures • Waste Management Industry Survey: Business Sector • Households and the Environment Survey • Industrial Water Survey SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  43. 4. Level 2 Statistics Canada Challenges: • Big picture • Data gaps • Multiple data sources • Data from various years • No on-site management data • Non-Statistics Canada data • No link to disposition SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  44. 4. Level 2 Additional information ESCAP Waste to Resource Initiatives • Approach • Resources • City case studies • http://www.unescap.org/waste-to-resource • http://waste2resource.org/ SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  45. 4. Level 2 Exercise • Each group discuss (10min) & present • What are the most important sources of solid waste problems in your country? • Who is responsible for managing it? • What data sources do you have? • What data need to be developed? • What indicators would you suggest to monitor and report on these problems? SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  46. References References • Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2013. Waste accounts, Australia, experimental estimates, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4602.0.55.005~2013~Main+Features~Main+Findings?OpenDocument • Statistics Canada. 2012. Human Activity and the Environment 2012: Waste management in Canada. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/2012000/part-partie1-eng.htm • Statistics Norway. 2014. Waste accounts. https://www.ssb.no/en/natur-og-miljo/statistikker/avfregno/aar/2016-05-25 • UN SEEA: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seea.asp SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

  47. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements • Materials prepared by: • Michael Bordt, Teerapong Praphotjanaporn ESCAP Statistics Division bordt@un.org • Hye Kyeong Choi Consultant on Environment Statistics ESCAP Statistics Division gracechoi0102@gmail.com • Materials adapted from: • Joe St. Lawrence (Statistics Canada; Chiba, Japan; Feb. 23, 2016) • Julian Chow (UNSD; Malaysia; Sept. 23, 2013) • Ole Gravgård (Statistics Denmark; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Feb. 2, 2015) SEEA-CF - Solid waste accounting

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