Chapter 2 Roots of American Democracy

1. Chapter 2Roots of American Democracy Bell Starter • Define vocabulary under Content Vocabulary (11 words) place in vocabulary notebook.

2. CHAPTER 2.1Our English Heritage WHAT INFLUENCED COLONIAL GOVERNMENT? http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078792441&VIDEO=4777&CHAPTER=2&MODE=2

3. TOPICS OF DISCUSSION • ENGLISH POLITICAL TRADITIONS • REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT: PARLIAMENT • LIMITED GOVERNMENT: MAGNA CARTA • ENGLISH LEGAL TRADITIONS • COMMON LAW • ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSPHERS • NATURAL RIGHTS • SOCIAL CONTRACT • SEPARATION OF POWERS

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LIMITED GOVERNMENT • MAGNA CARTA • 1215 • SIGNED BY KING JOHN • PROTECTED NOBLE’S RIGHTS • GRANTED CERTAIN RIGHTS TO LANDHOLDERS • LIMITED POWER OF MONARCH (NOT ABOVE LAW ANY MORE) • EQUAL TREATMENT UNDER LAW

5. ESTABLISHMENT OF PARLIAMENT • ADVISORY BOARD • LEGISLATIVE BODY - MAKE LAW • PARLIAMENT- REMOVE KING JAMES II • CREATING A BICAMERAL GOVERNMENT • HIS DAUGHTER MARY AND HER HUSBAND WILLIAM BECAME RULERS • GLORIOUS REVOLUTION: • PARLIAMENT MORE POWERFUL THAN KING

6. ESTABLISHMENT OF RIGHTS • 1689 • ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS • KING COULDN’T SUSPEND PARLIAMENT’S LAWS • KING COULDN’T CREATE SPECIAL COURTS, TAXES, OR RAISE ARMY WITHOUT PARLIAMENT APRROVAL • MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FREELY ELECTED • RIGHT TO FAIR TRIAL BY JURY • BANNED CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT

7. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON LAW • ENGLISH UNWRITTEN LAW • BASED ON PRECEDENT OR PREVIOUS COURT RULINGS • PRODUCES A COURT SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES FAIR & UNIFORM PUNISHMENT • OUR PROPERTY, CONTRACTS & PERSONAL INJURY BASED ON ENGLISH COMMON LAW.

8. Bell Ringer • Do the blue worksheet on your desk. • Put the white handout in the handout section of your notebook.

9. BRINGING THE ENGLISH HERITAGE TO AMERICA • LOCKE: • NATURAL RIGHTS • LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY • ADDED TO SOCIAL CONTRACTS • PEOPLE AGREE TO OBEY GOVERNMENT IF IT PROTECTED THEIR RIGHTS • ROUSEAU: • EQUALITY OF MEN • MAN IS BORN FREE • PEOPLE DETERMINE GOVERNMENT • MONTESQUIEU • IDEA DIVIDING THE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT • CHECKS & BALANCES

10. COLONIAL TRADITIONS OF SELF- GOVERNMENT • FIRST ESTABLISHED COLONY • 1607 BY VIRGINIA COMPANY –LONDON MERCHANTS • JAMESTOWN, VIRIGINA • 1619 FIRST REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA • HOUSE OF BURGESSES • HAS LITTLE POWER • MARKED THE BEGINNING OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

11. MAYFLOWER COMPACT • 1620 PRILGRIMS FROM ENGLAND • ESTABLISHED PLYMOUTH - MASSACHUSETTS • MAYFLOWER • SHIP • WROTE THEIR PLAN OF GOVERNMENT- MAYFLOWER COMPACT • FIRST DIRECT DEMOCRACY • TOWN MEETINGS – WHICH DEVELOPED INTO LOCAL TOWN GOVERNMENT

12. FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT • 1639 PILGRIMS PERSECUTED FOR RELIGIOUS BELIEFS • LEFT MASSACHUSETTS • COLONIZED IN NOW CONNECTICUT • FIRST CONSTITUTION – FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT • ELECTED ASSEMBLY REPRESENTATIVES • CALLED FOR POPULAR ELECTION OF GOVERNORS & JUDGES

13. EARLY LEGISLATURES • BY 1733 THIRTEEN COLONIES STRECHED FROM MASSACHUSETTS TO SOUTH OF GEORGIA • CREATION OF SELF GOVERNING COLONIES • GOVERNOR (2) • LEGISLATURES Activity 13 Colonies

14. Bell Ringer • Define the following words in your vocabulary notebook (Content Vocabulary p.38): 15 minutes Proprietary colony Royal colony Religious dissenters Puritans Pilgrims Toleration Indentured servant Plantation Triangular trade

15. THE ENGLISH COLONESSECTION 2

16. Settling the Colonies • Geography • play a key role in development of the colonies • climate, soil, terrain, availability of rivers and harbors, natural resources • By 1733 • English had dominated the continent • 13 colonies had settled along the east coast • All had one thing in common • Their English Heritage

17. New England Colonies • 1630 – North of Plymouth • Massachusetts Bay – Boston • More than 15,000 • Mid-1600s • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire • Most lived in towns • Farms – small and located outskirts of town • Long winter and rocky, infertile soil – farming difficult • Others – work small business, mill grains, sewing, making furniture, blacksmiths, shoemakers, shopkeepers • Important Industry - Ship building

18. Middles Colonies • 1664 • New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware • NY – first original Dutch colony of New Netherland: proprietary colony. • The Duke of York – • brother of King Charles II • Received the colony from brother • 1702 NJ became royal colony/owned by the king • 1704 Delaware became colony • 1680- William Penn –Pennsylvania • Quaker ideals – freedom of religion • Agriculture – wheat and cash crops • Industries- sawmills, mines, ironwork • Industries and agriculture –immigrants from Germany, Holland, Sweden, other area of Europe

19. Southern Colonies • 1607 – Virginia • 1734 – Maryland • 1729 – North and South Carolina • Georgia – _ English debtors/poor • led by James Oglethorpe • Serve as a military barrier from the Spanish • Warm climate, long growing seasons, rich soil • Agriculture • Rice – South Carolina, Georgia • Charleston, SC lead trade - harbors • Leading crop- tobacco • Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina

20. People of the ColoniesWhy Did Colonists Immigrate? • Religious dissenters • Followed a faith other than Anglican religion (official religion of England) • Puritans • Anglican Church – wanted purity and reform the Anglican Church • Pilgrims (people on a religious journey) • Part of the Puritans – did not believe in toleration/acceptance of other religions

21. Quakers • Catholics • George Calvert/Maryland-1634-safe home for Catholics • Thomas Hooker/Connecticut-search for religion freedom • Roger Williams-force out Massachusetts-religion views and brief taking land from Native Americans was wrong • Rhode Island • Williams new location to practice • First to welcome people of all faith

22. Conflict Over Land • Conflicts with Native Americans • 1640- the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley agreed to keep settlers from taking Native American land. • Planter – Nathaniel Bacon didn’t agree and attacked the colonial government, Bacon’s Rebellion. • Significance – It showed that settlers were not willing to be restricted by government policy.

23. The Beginnings of Slavery • Southern Colonies – large scale agriculture, based on a plantation. • Tobacco, rice, indigo • Used enslaved Africans • Triangular Trade

24. An American IdentitySection 3 • In 1760, an English traveler, Andrew Burnaby said the colonies would never unite, instead they would end up in civil war. • Mid 1700s an American identity was shaping up.

25. Pennsylvania and Rhode Island separation of church and state Tolerance Eventually religious tolerance spread to other colonies during the 1700s. Colonist came for religious freedom. Key element of American identity Puritans made laws to support their beliefs in Massachusetts Religion

26. Religion • Great Awakening • Powerful religious revival • Renewal of faith during the 1700s • Baptist • Methodists • Jonathan Edward’s - “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

27. Education • Religion led to the foundation of American’s first colleges and schools • Harvard – Massachusetts • Princeton – New Jersey • Set up to train ministers • Educated children to read the Bible • Levied taxes to pay for education • Not all were educated • Enslaved workers

28. Family • Form the Foundation of American society • Men were head of their families • Wives work in homes and looked after children • Towns, women • Worked outside the home • Maids, teachers, cooks, nurses, etc • Assisted men of farms • Sons: worked as apprenticed- learning trades • Married women few rights • Could not vote • Participate in government/church affairs • Widows & unmarried women • Own property • Run business

29. Ideas about Government • Egalitarianism • equality • Growth of Parliament power 1700s good • protector of individual rights against royal powers • British policy did not protect American colonist

30. Government in Colonies • Ideals of self-government • View it as their right • 1733: colonies established & constitutions for each • 1641: Massachusetts Body of Liberties was adopted • Protected individual rights, part of colonial law • 1683: Frame of Government was passed • 1701: Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges • Both established basics for the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Right • By 1776 each colony had its own representative government

31. Section 4Birth of a Democratic Nation • Colonial Resistance • Moving Toward Independence • The First Continental Congress • The Second Continental Congress • The Declaration of Independence

32. Charles Thomson Americans in Action • Pennsylvanian conservatives • Rejected as First Continental Congress delegate • 1774 – 1789 • Service as Secretary of the First Continental Congress • Great Seal of the United States • adopted by the Continental Congress in July 20, 1782 Great Seal of the United States

33. Colonial Resistance and Rebellion • Mercantilism • Country’s power depends on wealth • Nation should sell more goods to other countries • Favorable balance of trade • More export and less imports • British high prices • Colonies cheap raw materials • Cotton and lumber • French and Indian War • British and French • In Europe • Fighting enter North America • Albany Plan • Plan colonist were thinking of joining war for common defense

34. French and Indian War

35. Stamp Act • Proclamation of 1763 • Forbid colonist settling west of the Mississippi River without permission from British • Stamp Act of 1765 • British attached expensive tax stamps to all newspapers and legal documents • Quartering Act • Colonies to provide barrack and supplies for British troops • Colonist boycott • Refusing to buy British good • Organized Sons of Liberty • Oppose the Stamp Act

36. Declaratory Act of 1766 • British repealed the Stamp Act • Parliament passed • Declaratory Act • Parliament had the right to tax and made decisions for the colonies in all cases

37. Townshend Acts • Passed 1767 • Set of laws that legalized the use of writs of assistance to assist customs officials in arresting smugglers • Writs • Search warrants

38. “No taxation without representation!” • Slogan • Colonist resented the new taxes and felt the Parliament had no rights to tax them • Had no representation in Parliament

39. The Tea Act of 1773 • British East India Company • Right to ship tea to colonies without paying the taxes on tea • Giving British advantage over colonial merchants • Created protest • Boston Tea Party

40. Boston Tea Party

41. Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts • Boston Tea Party reaction • British • Coercive Acts • Colonist • Intolerable Acts • Laws restricting civil rights and the right to trial by jury for the colonist

42. MovementToward Independence From Great Britain Against Intolerable Acts September 1774 12 Colonies sent delegates Georgia Representatives Philadelphia

43. Continental Congress • Philadelphia • 7 weeks • Rights restored • 2 Battles • Massachusetts at Lexington and Concord • 1st battle of the Revolutionary War • Talk independence and Freedom from outside control First Continental Meeting

44. Continental Congress Second Continental Congress • May 1775 – Philadelphia • Battling Independence • January 1776 • Thomas Paine • Common Sense • Complete Independence • Colonist agreed with Paine to break away for Britain • Wrote a Declaration American should free nation

45. Second Continental Congress

46. Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

47. Democratic IdealsSecond Paragraph of Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government….”

48. Democratic Ideals John Locke Second Treaties of Government

49. ActivityWhat do you think this political cartoon represent?

50. Answer to Political Cartoon • Join, or Die' is a well-known political cartoon, created by Benjamin Franklin and first published in his Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754. It is a woodcut showing a snake severed into eighths, with each segment labeled with the initials of a British American colony or region. Delaware and Georgia were omitted completely. It has 8 segments of snake rather than the traditional 13 colonies. The cartoon appeared along with Franklin's editorial about the "disunited state" of the colonies, and helped make his point about the importance of colonial unity. During that era, there was a superstition that a snake which had been cut into pieces would come back to life if the pieces were put together before sunset. • The cartoon became a symbol of colonial freedom during the American Revolutionary War.