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Genetics

Lab Biology- Chapter 9 Honors Biology- Chapter 12. Genetics. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related. Modified genome of an organism Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome DNA from same species

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Genetics

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  1. Lab Biology- Chapter 9 Honors Biology- Chapter 12 Genetics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLCqFo03Qpo&feature=related

  2. Modified genome of an organism • Takes DNA from multiple sources and combine them to form a new genome • DNA from same species • DNA from different species- Transgenic organisms Genetically Modified Organisms

  3. Insertion of genes to produce a precursor of vitamin A (beta-carotene) Helps areas where there is a shortage of dietary vitamin A Golden Rice White rice Golden rice

  4. Unexpected allergies Introduction of new genes to a population Creation of invasive species Dangers of GMO’s

  5. Gene expression- activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein • Chromosome coiling • Euchromatin- uncoiled form • Heterochromatin- condensed form Honors- Gene Expression- Eukaryotes

  6. Transcription factors • Proteins that regulate transcription • Enhancer- noncoding sequence that helps activate transcription Honors- Transcription Factors

  7. Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring • Gene- unit of heredity found of a DNA molecule • Encodes for a trait Genetics

  8. Chromosomes occur in PairsGenes occur in Pairs

  9. Allele- symbols (letters) used to represent genes • Potential alternate forms • Ex. T=tall, t= short Allele

  10. Trait expressed • Capital letter • T=tall, B= purple • Masks another trait • Trait that may not be expressed • Lowercase letter • t= short, b=white • Only expressed when there is no dominant trait present Recessive Dominant

  11. Both alleles are the same • Examples: • TT • tt • bb • CC • Alleles differ • Examples: • Tt • Bb • Cc Homozygous/Pure Heterozygous/ hybrid

  12. Genetic make up • Examples: • homozygous, heterozygous, GG, Bb, Qq • Physical appearance • Examples: • Tall, short, blue, wrinkled Genotype Phenotype

  13. Symbolic of reproduction • _________x ___________ • P Generation= Parental generation • F1= first generation • F2= second generation Cross

  14. Diagram used to predict the phenotype and genotype of offspring PunnetSquaRE http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.html Does not work on iPads http://www.changbioscience.com/genetics/punnett.html

  15. Genetic recombination • Scrambling of genes • Occurs in meiosis during prophase 1 • Can alter probability of genotype and phenotype ratios Remember!

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