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ohp/Products/discus_tablets.php

http://www.ohp.com/Products/discus_tablets.php. Formulations. Active ingredient - the chemical that control the target pest may be sold in several formulations Inert (inactive) ingredients - used to dilute pesticide. LIQUID FORMULATIONS. Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E).

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ohp/Products/discus_tablets.php

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  1. http://www.ohp.com/Products/discus_tablets.php

  2. Formulations Active ingredient - the chemical that control the target pest may be sold in several formulations Inert (inactive) ingredients - used to dilute pesticide

  3. LIQUID FORMULATIONS

  4. Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E) • one or more petroleum-based solvents • liquid active ingredient • An added adjuvent allows petroleum to mix with water • Emulsion

  5. Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E) Advantages • requires little agitation • non-abrasive • non-plugging of screens and nozzles

  6. Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC or E) Disadvantages • highly concentrated • easy absorption through skin • corrosive, can deteriorate hoses, gaskets and painted

  7. Ready-to-use (RTU) • already mixed and ready to apply • over the counter products • low active ingredients

  8. Ultra-Low-Volume (ULV) • approximately 100 percent active ingredient • little or no dilution • used in ag, forestry, and mosquito control

  9. Flowables (F or L) • Active ingredient is an insoluble solid • Powder (active ingredient) mixed with liquid (inert ingredient) • Forms a suspension

  10. Flowables (F or L) Advantage • seldom clog nozzles • easy handling

  11. Flowables (F or L) Disadvantages • requires agitation • residual

  12. Aerosols (A) • contain low % of a.i. • ready-to-use-aerosol • self-contained units, spray cans • fog - used in mosquito control

  13. Invert Emulsions • water-soluble pesticide dispersed in an oil carrier • large droplets • used in rights-of-way (roadsides)

  14. DRY FORMULATIONS

  15. Dust (D) • ready to use • low % of a.i. (0.5% to 10%) • used dry • easy drift potential • often small area use, indoor use, or seed treatment

  16. Dust (D) Advantages • ready to use • simple equipment • use duster for adequate coverage

  17. Dust (D) Disadvantages • easy drift • does not stick to surfaces well • even distribution difficult

  18. Baits (B) • a.i. mixed with food or attractive substance • low a.i. • pest killed when consuming food

  19. Baits (B) Advantages • ready to use • pest goes to bait

  20. Baits (B) Disadvantages • attractive to children and pets • can attract wildlife • dead pest cause odor

  21. Granules (G) • similar to dust, large dispersible particles • a.i. is low %

  22. Granules (G) Advantages • drift low

  23. Granules (G) Disadvantages • do not stick to foliage • may need watered in

  24. Pellets (P) • similar to G but uniform in size

  25. Wettable Powders (WP or W) • look just like dusts • mixed with water • suspension • do not dissolve, needs to be continuously agitated

  26. Wettable Powders (WP or W) Disadvantage • inhalation hazard • require good agitation • abrasive • difficult to mix • clog potential • residual

  27. Soluble powders (SP or WSP) • similar to WP, but dissolve in water - solution • little agitation needed

  28. Microencapsulated pesticides (M) • pesticides surrounded by plastic coating • mixed with water and applied as spray

  29. Microencapsulated pesticides (M) Advantages • encapsulation will release pesticide over time • good safety and ease of use

  30. Microencapsulated pesticides (M) Disadvantages • constant agitation • attractive to bees (pick up and take back to hive…pollen?)

  31. Water-Dispersible Granules (WDG or DF) • similar to WP, but granules • mixed with water, granules break apart • no inhalation • easy to handle

  32. Fumigants

  33. Fumigants • poisonous gases • used in structural pest control and grain storage

  34. Fumigants Advantages • one treatment will kill everything - insect and disease • penetrates everything

  35. Fumigants Disadvantages • target site must be enclosed • highly toxic • specialized equipment

  36. ADJUVANTS

  37. Formulation ADJUVANTS Formulation adjuvant may be incorporated into product • Improve storage and/or compatibility

  38. Formulation ADJUVANTS Formulation adjuvant • Emulsifiers: enable mixing of water-insoluble products • Buffering agent: control pH of solution • Antifoaming: reduce foam during mixing

  39. Spray ADJUVANTS Spray adjuvant increases efficacy • Surfactant is a ‘surface-active agent’ • Reduces surface tension • Improves absorptive capability

  40. Spray ADJUVANTS • Stickers: increase adhesive nature • Spreader-sticker: combined with surfactant

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