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Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections using Semantic Web Techniques

Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections using Semantic Web Techniques. Antoine ISAAC (inluding cool graphics by Frank van Harmelen) STITCH Project Book & Digital Media Master March 2 nd , 2007. Background. CATCH C ontinuous A ccess T o C ultural H eritage Funded by NWO

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Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections using Semantic Web Techniques

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  1. Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections using Semantic Web Techniques Antoine ISAAC (inluding cool graphics by Frank van Harmelen) STITCH Project Book & Digital Media Master March 2nd, 2007

  2. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Background • CATCH • Continuous Access To Cultural Heritage • Funded by NWO • 10 computer science research projects applied to the Cultural Heritage field • Personalization of access • Image and text analysis for creating metadata • … • STITCH • SemanTic Interoperability To access Cultural Heritage • Exchanging and integrating metadata

  3. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Agenda • Cultural Heritage and Semantic Web • Two important issues • Publishing Cultural Heritage vocabularies on the Semantic Web • Vocabulary alignment • Demo

  4. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Some Needs for Cultural Heritage Collections • Representation of objects and knowledge about them • Pointing at collection objects • Describing them (creating metadata)according to specific • Metadata structures (schemes) • Controlled expert vocabularies (e.g. thesauri) • Accessing object using metadata • E.g. search using information contained in thesauri

  5. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques KB Illustrated Manuscripts

  6. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques KB Illustrated Manuscripts

  7. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques The Semantic Web (1/4) • Pointing at resources: documents, knowledge objects Uniform Resource Identifiers (≈ URLs)

  8. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques A Web of Resources The_Netherlands rep321 Amsterdam rep321#paragraph3 http://www.ned.nl/rep321

  9. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques The Semantic Web (2/4) • Pointing at resources: documents, knowledge objects • Creating structured assertions involving resources RDF (Resource Description Framework) Factual knowledge encoded as subject-property-object triples

  10. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Metadata in RDF The_Netherlands subject hasCapital rep321 Amsterdam partOf subject rep321#paragraph3 http://www.ned.nl/rep321

  11. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques The Semantic Web (3/4) • Pointing at resources: documents, knowledge objects • Enabling structured assertions • Using “building blocks” with precise semantics Ontologies: formal definitions of shared conceptual vocabularies RDF Schema /OWL (Ontology Web Language)

  12. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Ontological information subClassOf Report Document The_Netherlands type subject hasCapital rep321 Amsterdam partOf subject rep321#paragraph3 http://www.ned.nl/rep321

  13. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques The Semantic Web (4/4) • Pointing at resources: documents, knowledge objects • Enabling structured assertions • Using “building blocks” with precise semantics • Controlling existing facts, inferring new ones Part of the tasks are delegated from the user to inference engines that use the formal semantics of ontologies

  14. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Ontological information subClassOf Report Document The_Netherlands type subject type hasCapital rep321 Amsterdam partOf subject rep321#paragraph3 http://www.ned.nl/rep321

  15. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Building on top of XML eXtensible Markup Language <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about=”http://www.ned.nl/doc321”> <subjectrdf:resource=” http://www.geo.org/voc/The_Netherlands”/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about=”http://www.geo.org/voc/The_Netherlands”> <hasCapitalrdf:resource=”http://www.geo.org/voc/Amsterdam”/> </rdf:Description>

  16. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Building on top of the Web • Web-based resources allow division/sharing of • document • vocabulary • metadata http://www.geo.org/voc/ (par3, subject, Amsterdam) http://www.kb.nl/eDepot http://www.ned.nl/rep321 different owners & locations

  17. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Cultural Heritage Collections and Semantic Web • Need to categorize/classify things • Need to structure representations • Using MD schemes is similar to using relations Semantic Web techniques are good candidate for representing Cultural Heritage metadata

  18. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Agenda • Cultural Heritage and Semantic Web • Two important issues • Publishing Cultural Heritage vocabularies on the Semantic Web • Vocabulary alignment • Demo

  19. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Publishing Cultural Heritage vocabularies on the Semantic Web • Situation: a lot of knowledge up there • Aim: providing domain expertise to the outside world • Thesaurus web services • Aim: a global network of collection and vocabularies • Coordinating different vocabularies • Problem: need to enforce some homogenization • Many different models and formats

  20. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques SKOS • Simple Knowledge Organization Systems • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Model to represent structured vocabularies (thesauri, classification schemes) on the Semantic Web • Building blocks to create XML/RDF data • Concepts and Concept schemes • Lexical properties (prefLabel, altLabel) • Semantic relations (broader, related) • Notes (scopeNote, definition)

  21. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques SKOS: Nederlandse Basisclassificatie (KB) skos: = http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#nbc: = http://www.kb.nl/nbc/

  22. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques SKOS: Nederlandse Basisclassificatie (KB) <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/nbc#nbc0200"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> <skos:prefLabel>wetenschap en cultuur in het algemeen</skos:prefLabel> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/nbc#nbc0214"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> <skos:prefLabel>organisatie van wetenschap en cultuur</skos:prefLabel> <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/nbc#nbc0200"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/nbc#nbc0230"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> <skos:prefLabel>museologie</skos:prefLabel> <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/nbc#nbc0200"/> <skos:scopeNote>voor algemene musea, zie: 02.14</skos:scopeNote> </rdf:Description>

  23. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques SKOS: Brinkman Trefwoorden (KB) skos: = http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#bk: = http://www.kb.nl/brinkman/

  24. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques SKOS • Open (future) standard • Web-compatible • Shareable • Links and blocks have established meaning • Compliant with community needs

  25. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Agenda • Cultural Heritage and Semantic Web • Two important issues • Publishing Cultural Heritage vocabularies on the Semantic Web • Vocabulary alignment • Demo

  26. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Cultural Heritage Interoperability Problems • Current trend: accessing different collections simultaneously • Problem: integrating different databases/metadata schemes/vocabularies • Syntactic interoperability can be solved • Common metadata scheme • Common vocabulary model (SKOS?) • How about conceptual heterogeneity?

  27. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques The semantic interoperability problem • There is no standard thesaurus • We don’t really want it different vocabularies for different expertise domains, traditions, tasks • Consequence: • “klassieke ruïnes” vs. “landschap met ruïnes” • “maagd Maria” vs. “Heilige Moeder” • Practical problem: • Searching for “Heilige Moeder” misses “maagd Maria” • Unless we know both vocabularies

  28. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Old situation

  29. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Vocabulary alignment • STITCH aim: find correspondences between vocabulary elements • “klassieke ruïnes” ≈ “landschap met ruïnes” • “maagd Maria” = “Heilige Moeder” • Doing it automatically • Vocabularies are big (tens of thousands concepts) • They evolve • Application can change their reference vocabularies • Using techniques from • Linguistics • Computer science • Statistics

  30. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques New situation

  31. Long brain tumor Long tumor Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Automatic alignment techniques • Lexical Labels of entities and textual definitions • Structural Structure of the formal definitions of entities, position in the hierarchy • Statistical Object information (e.g. book indexing) • Background knowledge Using a shared conceptual reference to find links

  32. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Lexical alignment • Compare each pair of concepts • Use labels and synonyms of concepts • Heuristic method to discover equivalence and specialization relations More specific than Long brain tumor Long tumor

  33. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Lexical alignment: Manuscripts case broaderEquivalent

  34. Long brain tumor Long tumor Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Automatic Alignment Techniques • Lexical Labels of entities and textual definitions • Structural Structure of the formal definitions of entities, position in the hierarchy • Statistical Object information (e.g. book indexing) • Shared background knowledge Using a conceptual reference to deduce correspondences

  35. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Statistical alignment

  36. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Statistic approach: KB case • Experiment with GOO trefwoordenthesaurus and Brinkman thesaurus

  37. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Statistic approach: KB case • Comparing books indexed with BK concepts and books indexed with GTT concepts • Overlap measure

  38. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Results 1: 9132.9 (1704 3479 976) Schilderijen - schilderkunst 2: 8088.5 (1204 2330 767) Kwaliteitszorg - kwaliteitsmanagement 3: 6232.7 (820 1572 543) Personeelsmanagement - personeelsbeleid 4: 5392.1 (1399 3271 622) Beeldende kunsten - beeldende kunst 5: 5063.1 (4951 1152 613) Nederlands - Nederlandse taalkunde 17: 3421.8 (280 714 243) Diabetes mellitus - suikerziekte

  39. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Agenda • Cultural Heritage and Semantic Web • Two important issues • Publishing Cultural Heritage vocabularies on the Semantic Web • Vocabulary alignment • Demo

  40. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Demo • KB Illuminated Manuscripts • BNF Mandragore Manuscripts

  41. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Manuscripts, 2nd Collection: BNF Mandragore

  42. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Manuscripts, 2nd Collection: BNF Mandragore

  43. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Manuscripts vocabularies • Mandragore • Big (16000 terms) • Weakly structured (2-level deep, multi-inheritance) • Alternative lexical forms • Definitions • IconClass • Huge (>24000 subjects) • Richly structured : 10 level hierarchy, cross-references • Compound concepts: keys, structural digits… • Keywords [Monolingual case, since Iconclass comes in French and English]

  44. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Demo • http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/rp33333/MANDRA-SV-ICE-mandraNewNONE , amphibians • Wheat

  45. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Conclusion: Semantic Web can help Cultural Heritage • Representation of collections and associated expert vocabularies • Publication and access • Semantic integration New opportunities for making knowledge accessible Cf. Dublin core RDF Schema

  46. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Links • Semantic Web at W3C • http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ • Semantic Web at Vrije Universiteit • http://www.cs.vu.nl/ai/kr/ • http://www.cs.vu.nl/bi/ • SKOS • http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ • Other Cultural Heritage and Semantic Web projects • MuseumFinland, http://www.museosuomi.fi/ • eCulture, http://e-culture.multimedian.nl/

  47. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques Thanks!

  48. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques

  49. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques

  50. Accessing Cultural Heritage collections using Semantic Web techniques

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