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Safety Ergonomics

Safety Ergonomics. Safety 4000 UCMO. Safety Ergonomics. Outline Industries Affected History of Ergonomics Future of Ergonomics Overall Health effects Lab Computer Workstation Evaluation of Hand tools Health effects of tools Final Examination and Practical.

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Safety Ergonomics

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  1. Safety Ergonomics Safety 4000 UCMO

  2. Safety Ergonomics • Outline • Industries Affected • History of Ergonomics • Future of Ergonomics • Overall Health effects • Lab Computer Workstation • Evaluation of Hand tools • Health effects of tools • Final Examination and Practical Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  3. Class Work • Practical Examination – workstation evaluation • Paper: Proposed Ergonomics standard • Quizes • Final Examination Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  4. Paper • Suggested criteria/standard on ergonomics • Specific Tool/process • Follow OSHA Example • Present or discuss your paper in class • If you bring the tool, it’s worth extra credit. Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  5. Paper Requirements • 5-7 pages minimim • 3 References (NIOSH, CDC, OSHA) • Extra credit for additional references • Provide analysis • Industry Cost $$$$ • How many injuries will this standard prevent Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  6. Paper Due: • 11 October 2008. • Advantage in early paper turn-in. • Comments? Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  7. Practical • Perform an evaluation of Computer Workstation • Complete form • Provide Recommendations Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  8. Final • About 25 Questions • Multiple-choice questions • Fill in the blank • 3-4 Essay Questions • True/False Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  9. Media* • Videos on Ergonomic Programs • Material is testable Safety 4000, Ergonomics August 2008

  10. Texts: • The Ergonomics Edge: Dan Macleod. • Practical Ergonomics

  11. Ergonomics • You’re Experience?

  12. Questions?

  13. What Is Ergonomics? SAFE4000 Overview

  14. Ergonomics • Based on 2 words, ergo & nomos • Ergo means laws or rules • Nomos means work or strength • Thus, ergonomics means laws of work SAFE4000 Overview

  15. Ergonomics • 1950, “ergonomics” was coined by a group of British scientists • 1957 American Scientists working in the same discipline called themselves the Human Factors Society SAFE4000 Overview

  16. Ergonomics Is ... • Engineering Tool • Design out job hazards • Eliminating causes • Preventing accidents SAFE4000 Overview

  17. Viewpoints on Ergonomics • Historic viewpoint - make people fit the job, e.g., “The Jungle” SAFE4000 Overview

  18. Viewpoints on Ergonomics • Current Viewpoint - make job fit the person SAFE4000 Overview

  19. Ergonomic Definitions • Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics • Body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations, and other human characteristics that are relevant to design SAFE4000 Overview

  20. Ergonomic Definitions • OSHA • Study of the design of requirements of work in relation to the physical and psychological capabilities and limitations of people SAFE4000 Overview

  21. Keywords - FAR*LTV • Force • Awkward posture • Repetition {*3 most important risk factors} SAFE4000 Overview

  22. Keywords - FARLTV (continued) • Lack of Rest • Temperature • Vibration SAFE4000 Overview

  23. Body Tissues Affected • Soft Tissues • Nerves • Tendons • Tendon Sheaths • Ligaments • Blood vessels SAFE4000 Overview

  24. Body Tissues Affected • Bones • Spine, especially the lower portion of spine – lumbar region • Bones in fingers - white finger disease SAFE4000 Overview

  25. Is Ergonomic a New Problem? SAFE4000 Overview

  26. History - Bernardo Ramazzini • In 1700 this Italian physician wrote a text describing many occupational hazards • Included were problems that today we call cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) SAFE4000 Overview

  27. History - Bernardo Ramazzini • CTDs appeared in workers who did violent & irregular motions and assumed unnatural positions • Also noted problem for office workers! SAFE4000 Overview

  28. History - Bernardo Ramazzini • He noted risk factors for office workers: • Repetitive hand motions • Constrained postures • Excessive mental stress SAFE4000 Overview

  29. Early Tools… Dental Tools!

  30. History - Alice Hamilton • Dr. Alice Hamilton • Mother of Occup Medicine in US • Studied White Finger Disease (HAVS) in Indiana Limestone Quarry workers in the 1930’s SAFE4000 Overview

  31. History - Erwin Tichauer • Dr. Tichauer • Taught at New York University • Developed concept of bending tool handle instead of the worker’s wrist • Wrote Chapter 32 of the NIOSH White Book, 1973 SAFE4000 Overview

  32. Bend Tool Handle - Not Wrist SAFE4000 Overview

  33. John Deer, 1837 Plow

  34. Common Terms • Washer Woman’s Sprain • Gamekeepers Thumb • Telegraphist’s Cramp • Writer’s Cramp SAFE4000 Overview

  35. Common Terms • Trigger Finger • Tennis Elbow • Golfer’s Elbow • Dunlaps Disease SAFE4000 Overview

  36. Benefits of Improving Ergonomic Environment • Higher morale • Improved quality of work • Greater efficiency/Improved productivity SAFE4000 Overview

  37. Benefits of Improving Ergonomic Environment • Reduced absenteeism • Lower turnover • Fewer repetitive trauma disorders • Fewer workers comp claims SAFE4000 Overview

  38. Certification - Continued • BCPE - Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics • First certifications in 1992 • CPE/CHFP • More recently developed Associates Certification SAFE4000 Overview

  39. Ergonomics Focuses On • Accommodating information processing capabilities of the brain • Physical properties/constraints of body • Designing controls to minimize muscle fatigue SAFE4000 Overview

  40. Ergonomics Consists Of • Engineering • Physiology • Medicine • Anthropometrics • Behavioral Science SAFE4000 Overview

  41. Other Ergonomic Considerations • Psychological factors (attitudes) • Somatic factors (age) • Physiological factors (glucose, oxygen) SAFE4000 Overview

  42. Other Ergonomic Considerations • Learning factors (knowledge) • Nature of work (intensity, duration) • Environment (heat, chemical exposure, noise) SAFE4000 Overview

  43. Ergonomists Use A Systems Approach

  44. Applying Systems Approach • Proactive - action taken before CTD occurs • Reactive - corrective action taken after CTD occurs SAFE4000 Overview

  45. No two workers are identical • Equal height • different arm reach • different trunk height • Equal weight • different strengths • different heights SAFE4000 Overview

  46. No two workers are identical • Design a workstation to accommodate 90-95% of the working population SAFE4000 Overview

  47. Design Considerations • Control/display design & location • Location/orient. of work surface • Guarding/warnings • Posture SAFE4000 Overview

  48. Design Considerations • Movements/repetitions • Accessibility • Machinery/equipment design • Hand tool design SAFE4000 Overview

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