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Acid Base Chemistry

Acid Base Chemistry. The Electrolyte family. Acid. Salt. Base. (Water). Electrolytes conduct electricity. Properties of Acids. Sour taste. Conduct electricity. Cause indicators to change color. Properties of Acids. React with bases to form salt and water. React with metals

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Acid Base Chemistry

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  1. Acid Base Chemistry

  2. The Electrolyte family Acid Salt Base (Water) Electrolytes conduct electricity

  3. Properties of Acids Sour taste Conduct electricity Cause indicators to change color

  4. Properties of Acids React with bases to form salt and water React with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salt H2 NaCl pH < 7

  5. Properties of Bases Bitter taste Conduct electricity Cause indicators to change color

  6. Properties of Bases React with acids to form salt and water Have a slippery or soapy feel pH > 7

  7. Properties of Salts • Ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal) or polyatomic ions (Table E) • Aqueous solutions conduct electricity • Molten phase conducts electricity • Solid phase does NOT conduct

  8. Arrhenius Acid DEFINITION: A substance whose water solution contains hydrogen ion H+ as the only positive ion in the solution HCl H+ + Cl-

  9. What is going on? Recall that a H atom has only one proton and one electron. Therefore…… H+is really just a proton

  10. What is going on? What will happen to the H+ in water H20? (remember, water is polar…)

  11. Hydronium Ion H3O+ In an acid solution, there are no free H+ ions. They all attach to the H2O molecules to make H3O+

  12. Hydronium Ion

  13. So an Arrhenius acid really forms like this…. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

  14. Table K: Acids HCl hydrochloric monoprotic HNO3 nitric H2SO4 sulfuric diprotic H3PO4 phosphoric triprotic H2CO3 carbonic HC2H3O2 acetic

  15. Ways to write an acid HCl (aq) H+ + Cl- H3O+ + Cl-

  16. Arrhenius Base DEFINITION: A substance whose water solution contains hydroxide ion (OH)- as the only negative ion in the solution NaOH (aq) Na+ + (OH)-

  17. Table L Bases NaOH sodium hydroxide mono hydroxic KOH potassium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide di hydroxic NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia (NH3 + H2O NH4OH(aq))

  18. Water can be both an acid and a base!! H2O H+ + (OH)-

  19. Strong acids All (100%) of the H ionize to H+ HCL, H2SO4, HNO3 are all strong acids

  20. Strong Bases All (100%) of the OH ionize to (OH)- NaOH and KOH are strong bases

  21. WEAK acids and bases Not all the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions come off (ionize) in solution Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acids are weak

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