Nursing Theory Presentation

1. Nursing Theory Presentation Watson

2. Introduction • Watson’s theory is comprised of ten primary carative factors. • These factors essentially focus on delineating psychosocial needs. • Watson is the founder for the Center for Human Caring in Colorado. • Degrees were earned from the University of Colorado were a BSN, MS, and PhD.

3. Assumptions • 1.Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally. • 2.Caring consists of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs. • 3.Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth. • 4.Caring responses accept person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become. • 5.A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself or herself at a given point in time. • 6.Caring is more “healthogenic” than is curing. A science of caring is complementary tothe science of curing. • 7.The practice of caring is central to nursing. • (Feliciano, 2012). TeriseGavar

4. Information and Concepts • Human beings • Valued entities that are fully integrated selves and greater than the sum of their parts • Should be nurtured, cared for, and understood • Includes both the patient and the nurse

5. Information and Concepts • Health • A high level of mental, physical and social functioning • Absence of illness • Having an ability to maintain activities of daily living • Is based on human values and interest in the welfare of others while considering health promotion, health restoration, and illness prevention

6. Information and Concepts • Environment • Caring is not genetic • It is a learned behavior • Caring is an essential part of the nursing profession in the context of facilitating the ability of a patient to cope with their environment • There should be a healing environment created. It should involve both the physical and non-physical levels.

7. Information and Concepts • Nursing • Addresses patient needs from a holistic standpoint including biophyiscal,psychosocial and mental health needs. • What nurses contribute to the interaction with the patient. • Develop and encourage openness to understanding of self and others: Leads to trust, shared feelings freely, and confidence.

8. Evaluation of the Nursing Model • Assessment • Includes observation and identification of problems • Use of Evidence Based Practice • Defines variables that will be examined in problem solving

9. Evaluation of the Nursing Model • Plan • Decides how variables will be measured or examined • Specifies what data will be collected, by whom and how much.

10. Evaluation of the Nursing Model • Intervention • Involves executing the aforementioned plan • Includes data collection

11. Evaluation of the Nursing Model • Evaluation • Involves examining the data to determine the efficacy of intervention • Should involve interpretation of the results to determine degree of effectiveness or lack thereof. • May result in the formation of additional hypothesis leading to more data collection or different intervention

12. Clarifications • This philosophy is unique to nursing because of the holistic approach to patient care and definition of health and wellness. • Influenced by clinical practice and actual patient outcomes • Berman et al (2008) found that if it is combined with the nursing theory of Rogers it can create a Unitary Caring Science (p. 48).

13. Content • Global concepts are accurately and articulately described.

14. Scope of View • This theory is limited because it places priority on psychosocial functioning as opposed to biophysical needs. • The theory contains both abstract and specific concepts, with a bias towards abstract. Psychosocial adaptation and functioning are more difficult to quantify than biophysical healing.

15. Practice Application • This theory is best applied in settings where the nurse will have time to work on long term goals and determine the efficacy of intervention. Physical rehabilitation is a good example. • This would be a difficult theory to apply in the acute care setting as patients would need to have needs like Airway, Breathing, Circulation met and maintained before psychosocial issues became applicable.

16. Case Scenerio • A nurse enters a patient’s room who has their call light on and says, “What do you want?” The patient responds, “My throat is very dry and I was wondering if I could get a glass of water”. The nurse responds, “I don’t have time for that right now and by the way you are NPO”. The patient says, “what does NPO mean”? The nurse huffs and turns and walks out of the room loudly commenting on the fact that she can’t believe the patient would ask for water when they are NPO and they don’t even know what that means. The aide walks in a little while later to find the patient crying. When the patient is asked what is wrong, she states the nurse wouldn’t get her any water and she doesn’t know what the term NPO means that the nurse used. What should the aide do according to Watson’s theory? What should the nurse have done differently according to Watson’s theory?

17. References • Berman, A., Snyder, S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice. (8thed. pp. 47-48). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. • Feliciano, J. (2012, Oct. 13). Jean Watson’s transpersonal care theory. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/33854915/Jean-Watson • Jean Watson's Theory of Nursing. (n.d.). nursing research articles, theories, reviews, education, administration, psychiatric nursing, MCQs. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/ • Lombardo, B., Eyre, C. (2011). Compassion fatigue: A nurse’s primer. The Online Journal for Issues in Nursing. 16(1). doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No01Man03 • Ranheim, A., Kärner, A., & Berterö, C. (2012). Caring Theory and Practice-Entering a Simultaneous Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum, 47(2), 78-90. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2012.00263.x • Wade, G.H., & Kasper, N., (2006). Journal of Nursing Education. Nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring: An instrument based on Watson's theory of transpersonal caring. Vol 45, pp.162.Retrieved from database EBSCO. • Williams, I., McDowell, J., & Kautz, D. (2011). A caring leadership model for nursing's future. International Journal For Human Caring, 15(1), 31-35.