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Databases and the food metabolome: Present resources and goals for future developments

Databases and the food metabolome: Present resources and goals for future developments Augustin SCALBERT Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 869 compounds 70 flavonoids 93 glycoalkaloids (Iijima et al., 2008, The Plant Journal ).

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Databases and the food metabolome: Present resources and goals for future developments

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  1. Databases and the food metabolome: Present resources and goals for future developments Augustin SCALBERT Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France

  2. 869 compounds • 70 flavonoids • 93 glycoalkaloids • (Iijima et al., 2008, • The Plant Journal) Phytochemicals and healthA highly complex relationship Food Host Health

  3. What do we expectfrom food metabolome database(s)? • Provide detailed food composition data • Calculate intake of food components from dietary records • Provide detailed information on metabolites formed in the body • Facilitate annotation of the food metabolome in metabolic fingerprints • Biomarkers of food intake • Human exposure to food bioactives • Inter-individual variability of exposure • Associations with health outcomes

  4. Food intake and biomarker discovery • Many of the markers in urine are direct food digestion products • Ability to easily and rapidly identify these markers conditions success of the whole enterprise

  5. From food to biomarkers of food intake Top-down

  6. From food to food metabolomeKnown biomarkers for food intake

  7. Database resources for phytochemicals • Structures and physical properties (spectra) • Occurrence in foods (species) • Content in foods • Pathways (biosynthesis, metabolism) • Biological activity

  8. A new database on polyphenol content in foods • -1300 scientific publications analysed • - 60,000 original content values collected and evaluated • - 502 polyphenols • 452 food items http://www.phenol-explorer.eu

  9. Looking for a marker of a particular food • Food containing a particular compound

  10. Original data fully tracable

  11. Carotenoids Glucosinolates Lipids etc… The future of databases for food components Polyphenols Metabolites

  12. Predicted metabolites of food compounds Predicted metabolites Orange metabolome database 224 known metabolites 400 expected metabolites Manach et al., P15

  13. From food metabolome to food Bottom-up

  14. AJCN, 2007 • Shared ontologies • Collect and evaluate the information • Automation of data collection • Connect information & integrate databases • User-friendly webservers Howe et al., 2008, Nature

  15. Discussion • Which frame for database integration? • Identification of actors • Bring together food (plant) scientists and nutritionists • Involvement of publishers • Agree and share methods (reporting standards,…) • Propositions to facilitate and accelerate database implementation • New tools needed (text mining, analytical methods…) • How to handle predicted metabolites in databases • Sharing knowledge and experimental data • NuGO association,… • Priorities for collaborative projects • Develop informatics in the area of food science and its transformation in the body • A federative information system • Raising money

  16. Phenol-Explorer visitors

  17. 869 compounds • 70 flavonoids • 93 glycoalkaloids • (Iijima et al., 2008, • The Plant Journal) The food metabolome Absorption Metabolism Excretion Food metabolome Manach et al., 2009, Molec. Nutr. Food Res.

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