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International Relations

International Relations. China. Current Issues WTO. Current Issues. China remains the political powerhouse of the region China has made many strides towards a market economy and improved international relations Many issues still exist Undervalued Yuan Labor practices Trade imbalance.

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International Relations

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  1. International Relations China • Current Issues • WTO

  2. Current Issues • China remains the political powerhouse of the region • China has made many strides towards a market economy and improved international relations • Many issues still exist • Undervalued Yuan • Labor practices • Trade imbalance

  3. World Trade Organization Membership • Import and export policies • Tariff reductions • Antidumping and safeguards • Standards and inspection • Investment-related measures • Banking and Insurance • Local government developments • Pushing the requirements to the local level • Rule of law • Intellectual property rights: Pharmaceuticals, software

  4. International Relations China Taiwan • History • Roots of Conflict • Call for Independence • Current Conflict

  5. China – Taiwan International Relations • The two sides have been ruled separately since the Communists won a civil war and took over China in 1949 • Unification is a sacred goal for Chinese leaders. • Taiwanese consider Beijing's rulers to be repressive and have been extremely reluctant to join the mainland • Since the two sides split in 1949, their leaders have never met

  6. Roots of Conflict • 1949 Communists won a civil war and took over China • Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek withdrew to Taiwan, with two million refugees, vowing the reclaim the mainland. • The conflict reached such a point that Chiang imposed a "perpetual" martial law over the island for the next 38 years. • 1950 Outbreak of the Korean War • U.S. President Harry S. Truman ordered the 7th Fleet into the Taiwan Strait to prevent possible Chinese attack on the island. • The U.S. considered Taiwan a buffer against communist expansion in Asia and provided the island money and military supplies.

  7. Call for Independence • During the 1960s some native Taiwanese, upset by the rule of the mainland minority, began to call for independence from China. • Focus shifted from reclaiming the mainland to developing the island • 1971 - the United Nations expelled Taipei's nationalist government in favor of Beijing's. • Eight years later, the United States formally recognized the People's Republic of China, severing official diplomatic relations with Taiwan, now under the rule of Chiang's son, Chiang Ching-kuo. • America accepted Beijing's "one China" mandate and abandoned its defense pact with the island.

  8. Call for Independence • 1990 - The Taiwanese National Assembly elected Chiang Ching-kuo to a full six-year term • 1996 - Tensions in the Taiwan Straits reached a new level when China test fired missiles in March. • Many in Taiwan said the mainland was trying to influence voting in the election by the show of force. • The U.S. responded by sending warships to the straits, in what would become the largest show of naval force since the Vietnam War. • The elections went forward as planned and Lee decisively won a second term. • 1997 - As Britain prepared to return control of Hong Kong to China, Taiwan conducted live military exercises in the Straits. • The United States began shipping fighter jets to Taiwan that year

  9. Current Conflict • 2000 election – Separation at heart of Taiwanese election • Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji threatened "bloodshed" if the Taiwanese voters "acted on impulse." • Despite threats, Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party was elected president • Chen has pushed for a sovereign "Republic of Taiwan," but said he will not declare independence unless Taiwan comes under military attack • 2005 – China passes “anti-separation” law • Formalizes principles of "peaceful unification" and "one country, two systems," in strict adherence to the so-called "one China" principle. • Taiwanese publicly denounce law • President - “Taiwan's sovereignty belongs to the 23 million people of Taiwan; and only the 23 million people of Taiwan may decide to change the future of Taiwan” • Hundreds of thousands Taiwanese marched on the capital in Taipei in protest of the law

  10. Current Conflict Video describing the current conflict

  11. International Relations China Hong Kong

  12. China – Hong Kong International Relations • Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year • Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 1 July 1997 • China has promised that, Hong Kong will remain under its "one country, two systems" formula for at least 50 years

  13. International Relations Japan

  14. History • World War I resulted in victory and financial prosperity for Japan • World War II resulted in a devastating situation as Japan lost the war and then found itself in a deeply troubled economic situation • In 1951 Japan signed the Treaty of Peace and began down a track of becoming a peaceful nation • Japan is considered a major economic power in the world today and has diplomatic relations with nearly all independent nations and is an active member of the United Nations

  15. International Relations Japan China

  16. Japan – China International Relations • There has been a turbulent history between these two nations • Japan defeated China in a war in 1894 and gained control over Southern Manchuria • In 1931 Japan invaded China on a quest to conquer more territory. This invasion lasted 14 years until 1945. Certain periods of the invasion were characterized with brutal torturing and murders against the Chinese which has been a great source of hostility between the countries. History

  17. Japan – China International Relations • Signed a peace and friendship treaty in 1978 • China & Japan have substantial economic ties • Two countries harbor bad feelings as a result of • World War II History • Territorial Disputes • 11/04 Incursion of a Chinese nuclear submarine • China has great resentment over Japan’s military invasion during the 1930’s & 40’s • China is angered by annual visits of the Japanese Prime Minister to a shrine that honors Japan’s war criminals which has resulted in virtually a stop between mutual visits by the two countries leaders since 2001 • China is also frustrated by Japan’s interference in China’s relations with Taiwan

  18. International Relations North Korea South Korea • History • Nuclear Tension • Human Rights

  19. History • 1910 – 1945 Japanese colonial over Korea • Efforts to eliminate Korean language and culture • Korea divided following WWII • North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) under Soviet Union trusteeship • South Korea (Republic of Korea) under US trusteeship • June 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea • 3 year conflict involving US, China and 16 member coalition • Creation of Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) • Reunification efforts in ‘70s and ’80s • Bombing of South Korean commercial aircraft

  20. Nuclear Tensions • 1991: both North and South Korea signed The Basic Agreement and Joint Declaration on denuclearization • 1994: US and North Korea signed Agreed Framework, outlining nuclear weapons restrictions • 2002: Discovery of North Korean uranium enrichment program for nuclear weapons • North Korean explanation: provide itself with a deterrent force in the face of US threats and the US’s “hostile policy”

  21. Nuclear Tensions • 2003 – 2004: Series of multilateral talks • Six party talks involving US, China, South Korea, Japan and Russia • Goal: reach settlement through diplomatic means • Since June 2004, North Korea has refused to continue talks • China’s role • Historical ally and provider of food and energy aid to North Korea • Wants to avoid a North Korean collapse, which would result in refugees “spilling across the border” • BBC news clip (March 19, 2005) • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4363397.stm#

  22. Human Rights Issues • North Korea considered to have the worst human right record ever • Satellite photos how prison camps • 150,000 – 200,000 political prisoners • China response • UN 1951 convention on refugees and 1967 protocol • Government claims refugees are “economic migrants” • Refugees returned where they face torture and imprisonment • US response • October 2004 President Bush signed North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (NKHRA)

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