Unit 11: WW2 and Aftermath

1. Unit 11: WW2 and Aftermath III: Aftermath of war: The HOlocaust

2. 12 million Jewish • 1. As the Allies liberated Europe from the Nazi’s, they came across a horrible discovery: the Nazi’s, in attempting to create the “master race” had exterminated close to ___________________ people. Most of these people were those of _______________ descent.

3. Jews • 2. During Hitler’s rise to power, he used different groups, but especially the _____________, as scapegoats for all the problems Germany had been experiencing. This ideology saturated German social beliefs, and, along with Nazi propaganda, allowed for the exploitation of the Jews. Even before the war started, there were signs that Jews were being hunted:

4. Nuremberg Laws civil rights Star of David • a. In 1935, soon after Hitler became Chancellor, the ____________________ were instituted. Essentially, all German Jews had their ________________ taken away. They also were forced to wear the _______________ and to carry ______________ to identify them as Jews. ID badges

5. Albert Einstein Sigmund Freud • b. The Nazi’s attempted to ship all Jews out of Germany by encouraging Jews to immigrate to other nations. However, due to laws restricting immigration, many Jews were forced back to Germany, as the Allied nations (including the US) refused entry to them. Usually, immigrants needed to possess a special skill, therefore, men such as _______________________ and ________________________ came to America.

6. Kristallnacht • c. Then, in 1938, __________________________, the Night of Broken Glass, occurred. During this 2-day event, gangs of Hitler youth roamed the streets of Germany, smashing Jewish shops and synagogues. Basically, all Jews lived in fear for their lives.

7. forced labor camps • d. In the months leading up to the war, many Jews were sent to __________________________ to help create room for the Pure Race (a.k.a. Germans) to live.

10. Final Solution genocide • 3. Once the war started, Hitler and the Nazi’s began to take all Jews, Poles, Slavs, and anyone else that they felt was inferior to the concentration camps. By 1941, Hitler and his minions had developed the “________________________” to the Jewish problem: ____________________, or the systematic killing of all inferior Europeans.

11. concentration camps Auschwitz-Birkenau Treblinka • a. To accomplish this goal, Hitler created ________________________ across Europe. Some of the more infamous ones were _____________________ and __________________, both of which were in Eastern Europe.

12. Birkenau today

13. Arrival Station for Jews deported to Treblinka Franz Stangel, commandant of Treblinka

14. belongings • b. In these death camps, the Jews were herded from across occupied Europe. Once they arrived, the Nazi’s stripped them of all their _____________ and shaved their heads. Targeting the young, old, and sick for immediate execution, the Nazi guards would force them into “shower rooms” and then _______________ them to death. Nazi doctors also performed perverse experiments on people of all types (twins, Jews, Women, children, etc.) In total, almost 6 million people died in the Nazi Death camps. poison gas

15. Arrival at Auschwitz

16. Bales of human hair, found at the liberation of Auschwitz

17. The Gas Chamber at Auschwitz

18. collaborators • c. One reason that the Nazi’s succeeded was because there were many __________________ in Europe. They were turn in their neighbors for being Jewish, while others pretended not to notice. However, some people did attempt to hide the Jews and help them to escape Nazi brutality. A famous savior was _______________________, who saved hundreds of Jews from Nazi brutality. Oskar Schindler

19. crimes against humanity Nuremberg Trials 20 Adolf Eichmann • 4. After the war, the Allies put all the Nazi leaders they captured during the war on trial for “___________________________________.” At the ___________________________, many Nazi’s tried to claim they were only “following orders” when they committed their crimes. This did not hold up in court. ________ Nazi leaders were sentenced to death. However, some did escape from the Allies and hid in other countries that were sympathetic to their plight. The most famous was _______________________, leader of the Gestapo’s Jewish Division, who hid in Argentina until 1960, where he was finally captured by bounty hunters.