Role Of Community Health Nurse In Occupational Health

1. Role Of Community Health Nurse In Occupational Health AseelHazim 0138913

2. Objective At the end of this seminar the student will be able to: • Describe at least three nursing roles in the work setting. • Identify at least five leading causes of health problems in the work setting. • Describe at least three health care prevention .

3. Out line :- • -definition • Aim of the roles of OHN • Nursing role in the work setting • Components occupational health services • Factors determining OHN’s scope of practice • occupational illness and injury • Methods of prevention of dust diseases • Gases and evaporation • Prevention of gas damage • Assessment • Prevention • Major roles of OHN • CONCLUTION

4. Definition:- Nursing practice that provides for and delivers health care and safety program and services to worker , worker population and community group . The practice focused on health promotion ,illness and injury prevention , and the protection of individual from occupational hazard

5. Cont……………………………. • occupational health nursing is nursing practice directed toward promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical ,mental and social well being in all occupation

6. Aim of the roles of OHN • To maintain and promote the physical, mental and social well being of the workers. •   To prevent occupational diseases and injuries. •   To adapt the work place and work environment to the needs of the workers i.e application of ergonomics principle. • It should be preventive rather than curative.

7. Nursing role in the work setting • Nursing roles in occupational health are based on the standard for practice in this setting developed by the American Association of Occupational Health nurses: • 1) the nurse coordinates responsibilities in health assessment, and promotes health maintenance and prevention of illness and injury. • 2)The nurse administers nursing care and develops procedures and protocols with specific goals and intervention related to employee health needs. • 3) the nurse administers the employee health service

8. Nursing role in the work setting:- 1. Pre-employment medical examination.   2. First Aid and emergency service.   3. Supervision of the work environment for the control of dangerous substances in the work environment.   4. Special periodic medical examination particularly for the workers in dangerous operations.   5. Health education for disseminating information on specific hazards and risks in the work environment

9. Cont…………………………….. 6. Special examination and surveillance of health of women and children 7. Advising the employer or management for improving working conditions, and placement of hazards. 8. Monitoring of working environment for assessment and control of hazards. 9. Supervision over sanitation, hygiene and canteen facilities. 10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety committees

10. Cont……………………………. 10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety committees 11. Maintenance of medical records for medical check-up and follow-up for maintaining health standards and also for evaluation. 12. To carry out other parallel activities such as nutrition programme, family planning, social services recreation etc., Concerning the health and welfare of the workers.

11. Components occupational health services • Medical treatment, First aid treatment in emergency. • Health education, First aid education. • Medical examination • Pre employment examination • Periodic medical examination • Special medical examination

12. Factors determining OHN’s scope of practice • The of workforce • Types of products and processes • Chemicals used • Machinery used • Management • Exposure hazard

13. Seven leading causes of occupational illness and injury • Occupational lung diseases. • Musculoskeletal injuries. • Occupational cancers. • Severe traumatic injuries. • Cardiovascular disease. • Noise-induced hearing loss. • Psychological disorders.

15. بعض الاغبره وتاثيراتها

16. حجم الحبيبات التي باستطاعتها الدخول الى الجهاز التنفسي

17. Methods of prevention of dust diseases: • 1. The worker shall be examined before joining the work • 2. Periodic medical examinations are conducted at least once a year • 3 - Raising awareness of the worker to notify the profession in which he works and how best to avoid these dangers • 4 - means of prevention is the last line of defense • 5 - Locks by placing the dusting process in a place or rooms to lock it, such as milling and packaging • 6 - Use of water spray when sources of dusting • 7 - the use of mechanical work instead of manual • 8. Improve ventilation

18. Gases and evaporation: - • Choking .... carbon dioxide • Irritating .... Ammonia, chlorine. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide • Toxic …Carbon monoxide, Mercury vapors, Hydrogen sulfide gas • narcotic… alkyl halides cause alkylation of the components of cells

19. Prevention of gas damage: - • - Substituting the material from which the harmful gases are rising from another substance that is not dangerous or less serious than the previous article • - Make all precautions in building the establishment to ensure ventilation • - Inform workers of the dangers involved in the work and indicate the ways of prevention • - Use of personal protective devices • - Initial detection and periodic detection of workers

20. There are several types of personal protective equipment covering almost all parts of the body and each type of equipment depends on the nature of the hazards found in the working environment: • 1- Head protection equipment • 2. Hearing protection equipment • 3. Face and eye protection equipment • 4. Hands protection equipment • 5. Foot protection equipment • 6. respiratory protection equipment • 7. Protective clothing

25. Community health nurses working in the occupational health setting have responsibilities to several constituencies: • 1) the employee • 2) the employer • 3) the community

26. 1) Assessing epidemiologic factors influencing employee • Human biology: • Age, race, and sex composition of employee population. • Presence or absence of other health conditions. • Immunization status

27. Environment:- • Physical environment: • Presence of safety hazards in equipment and tools. • Potential for exposure to toxic substances. • Potential for exposure to temperature extremes. • Potential for exposure to radiation. • Poor lighting or ventilation. • Potential for falls

28. Cont………………. • Social Environment: • Influence of co-worker group on health behavior • Influence of management on health behavior • Presence of intergroup tensions • Influence of society on working conditions

29. Life style • Type of work performed • Consumption patterns related to alcohol, drugs. • Rest and exercise pattern. • Use of safety devices

30. Primary prevention in the work setting • Health promotion: • Health education. • Good nutrition. • Rest and exercise. • Prenatal care for pregnant employees. • Illness prevention: • Immunization. • Modification or elimination of risk factors. • Stress reduction and management

31. Con…..... • Injury prevention: • Safety education. • Use of safety devices. • Safe handling of hazardous substances. • Elimination of safety hazards. • Good body mechanics.

32. Secondary preventon • Screening: • Pre- employment screening. • Periodic screening of employees at risk for health problems. • Environmental screening. • Treatment of existing conditions. • Emergency response: • Physical emergencies. • Occupational disasters.

33. Tertiary prevention • Preventing the spread diseases: • Immunization • Sick leave for ill employees. • Preventing the recurrence of other acute conditions. • preventing complication of chronic conditions

34. 5 Major Roles of the OHN • Clinician/Practitioner • Administrator • Educator • Researcher • Consultant

35. Clinician/Practitioner • Assess work environment • Assess workers health status • Perform health surveillance • Provide direct nursing care • Conduct health education and counselling • Collaborate, communicate and consult with Occ. Safety & Health (OSH) team • Maintain accurate, concise and complete records

36. Cont.... • Develop and implement programs to correct health and safety hazards 9. Institute personal protective programs 10. Initiate referrals to hospitals and clinics 11. Conduct health screening programs 12. Conduct health training programs 13. Manage workers compensation claims

37. Cont… 14. Maintain professionalism and ethical conduct

38. Administrator • Maintain awareness of technology, legal & professional changes associated with OH and Safety • Coordinates in professional growth & education opportunities for staff • Formulates policies for OH and Safety • Develops, implements and evaluates OH service

39. Educator • Provide education programs to employers & employees • Promotes integration of OHN practice into nursing education • Utilise experts in OHS in planning & coordinating relevant education programs • Collaborates with other OHN regarding practice issues & students practical sites • Serves as a role model and preceptor for the students

40. Researcher • Participates in the development & implementation of research • Disseminates research findings to others through presentation, publication & practice • Incorporates research results into own practice • Collaborates with other members of OH team in developing & conducting research

41. Consultant • Offer advise to the patient regarding the future treatment, or preventative measures to be taken at work when it is appropriate. • Offer advice to management regarding the health of the worker as it may be affected by the processes or the substances used in them, where she/he considers such advice to be necessary

42. Conclusion It is important for the OHN to provide health care with accountability, respect for human dignity and self-worth and to consider the ethical, spiritual, cultural and corporate sensitivities.

43. References 1. Baranski, B. Towards good practice in health, environment and safety management in industrial and other enterprises. Copenhagen WHO Regional Office for Europe 1999 (document EUR/ICP/EHCO 02 02 05/13). 2. Hunter, D. The diseases of occupations, 6th ed. Sevenoaks, Kent, Hodder & Stoughton, 1978. 3. Rantanen, J. et al. ed. New Epidemics in Occupational Health. International symposium. Helsinki. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1994. 4. Health and safety executive. Successful health and safety management. Norwich, H.M. Stationery Office, 1998 (ISBN 07176 1276 7) 5. Accidents at work in the European Union.1993. Luxemburg, Eurostat 1997 (ISSN 1024-4352) 6. Occupational health. IN: WHO European Centre for Environment and Health. Concern for Europe's tomorrow. Health and the environment in the WHO European Region. Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. 1995 ENCE :

44. ARTICLES

45. To assess the occupational health hazards faced by healthcare workers and the mitigation measures. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative data collection methods among 200 respondents who worked in 8 major health facilities in Kampala. Results. Overall, 50.0% of respondents reported experiencing an occupational health hazard. Among these, 39.5% experienced biological hazards while 31.5% experienced nonbiological hazards. Predictors for experiencing hazards included not wearing the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), working overtime, job related pressures, and working in multiple health facilities. Control measures to mitigate hazards were availing separate areas and containers to store medical waste and provision of safety tools and equipment. Conclusion. Healthcare workers in this setting experience several hazards in their workplaces. Associated factors include not wearing all necessary protective equipment, working overtime, experiencing work related pressures, and working in multiple facilities. Interventions should be instituted to mitigate the hazards. Specifically PPE supply gaps, job related pressures, and complacence in adhering to mitigation measures should be addressed.

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