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New World Beginnings. By Sally Jacobson & Jonaki Singh Mr. Szeto-pd. 3/4. Planetary Perspectives. Recorded history of the world begins about 6,000 years ago 500 years ago, Europeans discovered North & South America sovereign republics emerged, particularly the US.
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New World Beginnings By Sally Jacobson & Jonaki Singh Mr. Szeto-pd. 3/4
Planetary Perspectives • Recorded history of the world begins about 6,000 years ago • 500 years ago, Europeans discovered North & South America sovereign republics emerged, particularly the US
The Shaping of North America • Basic geological shape of North America was formed about 10 million years ago • After the Ice Age, the North American landscape transformed; lakes and rivers formed all over the continent
The First Discoverers of America • Europeans arrived in 1492 and discovered there were already people living there • Main civilizations were the Incas in Peru, the Mayans in Central America, and Aztecs in Mexico
The Earliest Americans • Cultivation of corn was common • Lived in small, scattered, impermanent settlements • Weren’t aggressive, unlike Europeans
Indirect Discoverers of the New World • 1000 AD-- Norse seafarers from Scandinavia set up flimsy settlements which were soon abandoned • Crusaders—after Crusades, Europeans were eager to get to Asia
Europeans Enter Africa • Portuguese sailed along coast of Africa and introduced Europe to the sub Saharan world • Portuguese set up trading posts gold and slaves were acquired • Slaves were used to maintain plantation economy, which was popular in North America
Columbus Comes upon a New World • Spain’s unity, wealth, power & technology led to the possibility of discovery • Skilled Italian sailor Christopher Columbus looks for a new route to Asia—and stumbles upon the Americas • Stage was set for global economy: Europe provided markets, capital, & technology; Africa provided labor; New World provided raw materials.
When Worlds Collide • Native Americans introduced new crops like tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potato • Europeans introduced cattle, swine, horses, and sugar • Not all trades were positive—Europeans transmitted diseases like smallpox while the natives infected the explorers with syphilis
The Spanish Conquistadores • Conquistadores came to the New World in the service of God and to find gold and glory for Spain • Explorers include Balboa (discovered Pacific Ocean), Magellan (first to circumnavigate the world), Juan Ponce de Leon (discovered Florida), and Francisco Pizarro (crushed the Incas in Peru) • Caribbean Islands served as bases for Spanish invasions
The Conquest of Mexico • 1519- Hernán Cortés set sail from Cuba bound for Mexico. • Reached Mexico, marched on Tenochtitlán, was mistaken for a God and welcomed, and soon Cortes conquered the Aztecs • Introduced his crops, animals, language, laws, customs, and religion • Few Spanish settlers intermarrying between Spanish and the Natives
The Spread of Spanish America • Within 50 years of Columbus’ arrival, Spanish cities and towns flourished • Spanish conquered Pueblos in New Mexico • Established settlements in Texas as a retaliation to the French settling along the Miss. River • Some settlers killed and enslaved natives, but most blended both Spanish and Native American culture
Sources • http://www.dnr.sc.gov/education/Envirothon/2006Winnipeg/images/teepee-s.jpg • http://files.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_3_31_2004_09_34_14/corn_01.JPG376a46a3-aa36-45b9-9c67-e1f55726984dLarge.jpg • http://www.maps-charts.com/images/120.03%20Nieuwe%20Kaart%20-%20Tirion.jpg • http://www.utexas.edu/courses/stross/ant322m_files/mexmap.gif • http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/north_america_ref02.jpg
