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Operating Systems

Operating Systems. Mac, PC, Unix,…. In the Beginning was the Command Line – Neal Stephenson. Jobs & Wozniak – Apple Original idea to sell information processing machines for home use Gates & Allen – Microsoft sell the operating system At least a computer has a physical presence

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Operating Systems

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  1. Operating Systems Mac, PC, Unix,…

  2. In the Beginning was the Command Line – Neal Stephenson • Jobs & Wozniak – Apple • Original idea to sell information processing machines for home use • Gates & Allen – Microsoft • sell the operating system • At least a computer has a physical presence • Xerox – Where it all really began Riad S. Twal

  3. Operating System • What is it? • A very long string of 1’s and 0’s • What does it do? • Allows users to manipulate other very long strings of 1’s and 0’s Riad S. Twal

  4. What is an Operating System? • <operating system> (OS) The low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running. Riad S. Twal

  5. What is an Operating System? • The OS may be split into a kernel which is always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level house-keeping tasks, often acting as servers in a client-server relationship. Riad S. Twal

  6. What is an Operating System? • Some would include a graphical user interface and window system as part of the OS, others would not. The operating system loader, BIOS, or other firmware required at boot time or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a rommable operating system such as RISC OS. Riad S. Twal

  7. OS Examples… 386BSD, Amoeba, Angel, Artemis microkernel, BeOS, Brazil, COS, CP/M, CTSS, Chorus, DACNOS, DOS, DOSEXEC 2, GCOS, GEOS, ITS, Linux, LynxOS, MPV, MS-DOS, MVS, Mach, MINIX, MS-DOS, Multics, Multipop-68, Novell NetWare, OS-9, OSX, OS/2, Pick, Plan 9, QNX, RISC OS, SPARK (Small Portable Adjustable Real-time Kernel), STING, System V, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, TYMCOM-X, Unix, VM/CMS, VAX, VMS, VRTX, VSTa, VxWorks, WAITS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows CeMeNT Riad S. Twal

  8. DOS Commands • Command Prompt from Windows • Start – Run – Command • This is a DOS prompt, DOS is running in the background, WinXP or Win2000 or … is still running in the foreground • Time • Date • Ping – ping www.yahoo.com • http://www.easydos.com/dosindex.html Riad S. Twal

  9. What is UI? • User interface • Line commands • Text menu • Icon menu • ‘Click-able’ icons Riad S. Twal

  10. Xerox PARC • Palo Alto Research Center • 1st to get into UI (User Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface) • First started in 1970’s • WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers/pull-down menus) paradigm • Xerox 8010 'Star' system in 1981 (WIMP) Riad S. Twal

  11. Mac 1984… Riad S. Twal

  12. Mac OSX… Riad S. Twal

  13. Microsoft DOS (MS-Dos) Riad S. Twal

  14. Microsoft Windows 1… Riad S. Twal

  15. Microsoft Windows 95… Riad S. Twal

  16. Linux… Riad S. Twal

  17. The Mac • http://www.apple-history.com/index.html Riad S. Twal

  18. The PC • http://www.viewz.com/netscape/buyingguides/os.shtml • http://www.computerhope.com/history/windows.htm • http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline-OS.html • http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline-QUOTES.html • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm Riad S. Twal

  19. UNIX and the like… • http://www.computerhope.com/history/unix.htm • http://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htm Riad S. Twal

  20. ‘Clean’ install Existing OS is completely erased Any files on the HDD are completely erased Optimum performance Boot from OS Install CD or DOS floppy ‘Upgrade’ install There is an existing OS Existing files not erased Less than optimum performance Boot to existing OS, upgrade from CD Installing Windows OS Riad S. Twal

  21. In the beginning… Cryptonomicon http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html Riad S. Twal

  22. Resources • http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=operating%20system • http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/using/howto/gettingstarted/guide/default.asp Riad S. Twal

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