Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

1. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Annette Preston Latoya Ponder Jessica Hunt Lindsey McMillan Stephanie Cowart Chapter 11

2. Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation • Extrinsic motivation occurs when learner does something to earn external rewards • Intrinsic motivation occurs when learner does something to experience inherently satisfying results

3. Cons of Extrinsic Motivation Excessive use of external rewards may lead to: • temporary behavior changes • materialistic attitudes • decreased intrinsic motivation To avoid these behaviors, give rewards sparingly

4. Effect Rewards Have on Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation decreases with rewards when: • Initial interest in task is high • Rewards are tangible • Rewards are held out in advance as incentives • Rewards are given simply for engaging in task • Students must compete against one another for limited supply of rewards

5. Effect Rewards Have on Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation increases with rewards when: • Initial interest is low because the task is boring or irrelevant • Initial interest is high and reward is positive verbal feedback • Most desirable rewards is available to all who meet the criteria

6. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation • One article states that extrinsic motivation is not necessarily a bad thing and in some instances, for academic achievement or productive behavior, it may be the only thing that can get students on the road to successful classroom learning and productive behavior.

7. Continued • Intrinsic motivation is ultimately what will sustain students over the long run. It will encourage them to make sense of and apply what they are studying and will increase the odds that they will continue to read and learn about writing, science, history, and other academic subject matter long after they have left their formal education behind.

8. Intrinsic Motivation Doesn’t Exist, Researcher Says Steven Reiss, a professor at Ohio State University, argues that human motivations cannot be placed into just two categories of motivation– intrinsic and extrinsic. People argue that individuals should do something because they enjoy it, and that rewards only disrupt natural desire. Reiss disagrees with this statement. He believes motivation depends on individual differences and that different people are motivated in different ways.

9. Continued • According to Reiss, who developed and tested a theory of motivation, states there are 16 basic desires that guide nearly all meaningful behavior, including power, independence, curiosity, and acceptance. He also states that whether you agree with the 16 desires theory or not, there is no way to reduce all of these desires to just two types of motivation.

10. Intrinsic Motivation Versus Extrinsic Motivation • In this article, Jessie Meijers compares extrinsic motivation to being motivated by an external stimuli i.e. money • He uses the financial crisis to show that extrinsic motivation does not always produce the results that we want from them i.e. the financial crisis

11. Continued • In contrast, he compares intrinsic motivation to playing an instrument because it’s what a person loves and not because they expect to get paid from it. • Scientific proof • Edward Deci created an experiment to show that intrinsic motivation was more effective than Extrinsic motivation

12. A Look at Extrinsic Motivation • Positive extrinsic motivation can come by the way of incentives, stickers, candy, etc. • Ex: When students are offered the chance for a fun class trip or a pizza party for the class thatsells the most chocolate bars for the school. • Negative extrinsic motivation: Can be used to push people into doing something. • Ex: Threats, blackmails, bribery, or pressure.

13. Continued • Note: Extrinsic motivation focuses on individual’s attention on the reward they will receive in the end as opposed to the action or the “doing” aspect. • If the reward is taken away from the student then they will stop doing the action. • Negative extrinsic motivation: A person is motivated by avoiding disappointment, embarrassment, or public humiliation.

14. Compare and Contrast • As a group we compared the four articles along with the book, and we determined that the type of motivation given depends on the individual. We also believe that neither type of motivation is better than the other.

15. Scenario 1 • Susie really does not enjoy reading, but she is required to read 30 books by the end of the school year. Susie’s teacher has made an announcement that he will be giving away a brand new bike to the student who reaches the goal first. Susie begins to read much more often than before. This is an example of…….

16. Scenario 2 • A little girl goes home and asks her mother for a piece of paper. When given the paper, she immediately goes to her room and starts to draw pictures. She brings the work back to her mother and shows off her creation. This is an example of ____________________ motivation.

17. Scenario 3 • Such as, if a child behaves well all week then they get a piece of candy at the end of the week or get to pick a toy out of the “treasure box”. This is motivation for the children to have consistent acceptable behavior during the week.

18. Scenario 4 After losing his baseball game, Sammy still looked forward to playing another game. Sammy’s teammate Louis, did not want to play baseball anymore because of the loss. What type of motivation does Sammy display? Louis?

19. Simpson Motivation Video

20. Quiz Short answer 1. Can intrinsic motivation be undermined by extrinsic reinforcement? 2. Do you agree or disagree with Steven Reiss’ argument on motivation? Why or why not? 3. What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? 4. What is an example of extrinsic motivation? 5. What is a con of using extrinsic motivation? 6. What is a pro of using intrinsic motivation?

21. Quiz Continued True or False 7. Extrinsic rewards may enhance intrinsic motivation. 8. Steven Reiss believes that extrinsic and intrinsic are the only two types of motivation that exist. Fill in the blank 9. A mother tells her daughter that if she cleans her room, she will be able to hang her pictures that she drew on her wall. This is an example of ________ motivation. 10. A little girl tells her mother that she wants to be a ballerina. When her mother asks her why, she tells her because she likes the way they dance. This is an example of ________ motivation.

22. References • Intrinsic Motivation Vs. Extrinsic Motivation • Extrinsic Vs. Intrinsic Motivation • Intrinsic Motivation Doesn't Exist, Researcher Says • A Look at Extrinsic Motivation