1 / 26

Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome. Also referred to as syndrome X or the insulin resistance syndrome, describes a condition in which several coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are clustered together.

euridice-cerelia
Download Presentation

Metabolic Syndrome

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Metabolic Syndrome

  2. Metabolic Syndrome • Also referred to as syndrome X or the insulin resistance syndrome, describes a condition in which several coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are clustered together. • CHD risk factors may include: dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, etc. • Increases risk of Type 2 Diabetes, CVD and liver disease. • Risk factors for MetS are undertreated. Is reversible.

  3. MET Syndrome - 3 or more – From table 10.3 • SBP > 130 or DBP > 85 mm Hg. • Fasting glucose > 110 • Fasting HDL < 40 for men • Fasting HDL < 50 for women • Fasting Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL • Waist circumference > 102 cms for men • Waist circumference > 88 cms for women

  4. Facts • WHO guidelines = 25.1% of the USA have MetS • Mexican Americans – highest prevalence • Primarily seen in overweight people and deconditioned individuals. • By 2020 as many as 40% of the population will have MetS. • Main components are the development of insulin resistance in the presence of central or visceral adiposity.

  5. Metabolic Syndrome (cont.) Table 10-3

  6. Metabolic Syndrome (cont.) Table 10-3

  7. Metabolic Syndrome (cont.) Table 10-3

  8. Metabolic Syndrome: Exercise Prescription • The minimal Frequency, Intensity, Time (duration) or FIT framework is consistent with the recommendations for healthy adults regarding aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise. • Similarly, the minimal dose of physical activity to improve health/fitness outcomes is consistent with the consensus public health recommendations of 150 min·wk-1 or 30 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week.

  9. Treatment • Weight loss is the primary intervention • Decrease 7-10% form baseline total weight over 6-12 months. • Maintenance of weight loss. • Exercise prescription that of an obese person or low to moderate intensity. • Don’t overlook cardiovascular risks when considering resistance training and flexibility exercises. • Resistance training is inversely related to MetS. Use 40-60% of client’s estimated 1 RM. Circuit training recommended with 30-45 seconds of rest between stations.

  10. Pulmonary Diseases • Pulmonary diseases typically result in dyspnea or shortness of breath with exertion. • As a result of dyspnea, patients with pulmonary disease limit physical activity and deconditioning results. • Consequently, patients with pulmonary disease experience dyspnea even at low levels of physical exertion.

  11. Pulmonary Diseases (cont.) • This adverse cycle can lead to eventual functional impairment and disability. • Exercise is an effective intervention that lessens the development of functional impairment and disability in patients with pulmonary disease. • Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis are classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), resulting in a permanent diminution of airflow, whereas asthma has a reversible component to airway obstruction.

  12. Definitions • Emphysema

  13. Diagnosis of COPD EXPOSURE TO RISK FACTORS SYMPTOMS cough tobacco sputum occupation dyspnea indoor/outdoor pollution è SPIROMETRY

  14. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Testing • Assessment of physiologic function should include cardiopulmonary capacity, pulmonary function, and determination of arterial blood gases or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) via direct or indirect methods. • Modifications of traditional protocols (e.g., extended stages, smaller increments, and slower progression) may be warranted depending on functional limitations and the early onset of dyspnea. For example, in patients with severe COPD, the Naughton protocol may be modified such that only the speed but not the grade increases every 2 minutes instead of 3 minutes.

  15. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Testing (cont.) • Persons with pulmonary disease may have ventilatory limitations to exercise; thus, prediction of peak VO2 based on age-predicted HRmax may not be appropriate. • In recent years, the 6-minute walk test has become popular for assessing functional exercise capacity in persons with more severe pulmonary disease and in settings that lack exercise testing equipment. • In addition to standard termination criteria, exercise testing may be terminated because of severe arterial oxygen desaturation (i.e., SaO2 ≤80%). .

  16. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Testing (cont.) • The exercise testing mode is typically walking or stationary cycling. • Walking protocols may be more suitable for persons with severe disease who may lack the muscle strength to overcome the increasing resistance of cycle ergometers. • If arm ergometry is used, upper extremity aerobic exercise may result in increased dyspnea that may limit the intensity and duration of the activity.

  17. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Prescription For individuals with well-controlled asthma or mild COPD, the following exercise prescription for cardiovascular fitness is recommended. • Frequency: at least 3 to 5 d·wk-1 • Intensity: presently there is no consensus as to the “optimal” exercise intensity for patients with pulmonary disease.

  18. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Prescription • Time: 20 to 60 min·d-1 of continuous or intermittent physical activity • Type: walking is strongly recommended because it is involved in most activities of daily living. Stationary cycling may be used as an alternate type of training. Additionally, resistance training and flexibility exercises should be incorporated into the exercise prescription.

  19. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Prescription For individuals with moderate to severe COPD, the following exercise prescription for cardiovascular fitness is recommended. • Frequency: at least 3 to 5 d·wk-1

  20. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Prescription • Intensity: for those patients with severe COPD whose exercise tolerance may be ventilatory limited, exercise intensities as high as 60% to 80% of peak work rates are suggested. Intensity may also be based on dyspnea ratings determined from the graded exercise test with ratings between 3 (moderate shortness of breath) and 5 (strong or hard breathing) on a scale of 0 to 10 corresponding to the desired exercise intensity that can be tolerated.

  21. Pulmonary Diseases: Exercise Prescription • Time: persons with moderate or severe COPD may be able to exercise only at a specified intensity for a few minutes at the start of the training program. Intermittent exercise may also be utilized for the initial training sessions until the patient tolerates exercise at sustained higher intensities and durations of activity. • Type: walking and/or cycling. Additionally, resistance training and flexibility exercises should be incorporated into the exercise prescription.

More Related