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Neuromuscular Training

Neuromuscular Training. Foundations And Assessment. Foundations. Objectives of Resistance Training Weight & Power Lifting Bodybuilding General Muscular Fitness Rehabilitation Sport Specific Muscle physiology Definitions of Muscular Function. Muscle Endurance.

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Neuromuscular Training

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  1. Neuromuscular Training Foundations And Assessment

  2. Foundations • Objectives of Resistance Training • Weight & Power Lifting • Bodybuilding • General Muscular Fitness • Rehabilitation • Sport Specific • Muscle physiology • Definitions of Muscular Function

  3. Muscle Endurance Muscle Endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to contract repeatedly or constantly against a resistance

  4. Muscle Strength Muscle Strength is ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert maximal force against a resistance in a single repetition.

  5. Muscular Power Muscular Power is the ability to exert force quickly; refers to the rate at which muscular force is applied. Power = Force x Velocity

  6. Muscular Flexibility Flexibility refers to a joint’s range of motion (ROM). Range of motion is dependent upon bony structure and “permissiveness” of muscle and tendons surrounding the joint

  7. Types of Contraction

  8. Types of Muscle Contraction • Isometric: static muscle contraction in which muscle tension develops but there is no change in joint angle. • Isokinetic: dynamic muscle contraction in which limb displacement or joint rotation has a constant velocity. • Isotonic:dynamic muscle contraction moving a constant external resistance.

  9. Isotonic Contractions

  10. Assessing Muscular Function

  11. Assessing Muscular Function • Laboratory Methods • Electromyography: measurement of neural or electrical activity that brings about muscle contraction • Isokinetic machines: measurement of torque throughout range of motion at controlled velocity • Force transducer: measure static strength and endurance

  12. Assessing Muscular Function • Laboratory and Field Methods • Dynamometer: use a spring device • Constant Resistance Equipment: use 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) trial and error or 5-RM and 10-RM submaximal methods.

  13. Assessing Muscular Function • Field Tests • Callisthenic Activities: relative strength or endurance • Vertical Jump/Standing Broad Jump: explosive leg power

  14. Force: Velocity Relationship • Muscle’s force generating capacity declines with increasing shortening velocity. • Conversely, as load increases, maximum shortening velocity decreases. • Greatest force (MVC) achieved @ zero velocity.

  15. Power: Velocity Relationship • Peak power rapidly increases with increasing velocity up to peak velocity region. • Thereafter, maximal power decreases due to reduction in max force at faster speeds. • At any given velocity, greater power occurs in FT fibers than ST fibers.

  16. Torque: ROM Relationship • Strongest biceps brachii angle seems to be 90°-130°. • Amount of tension directly related to degree of overlap of thick and thin filaments in sarcomere. • When muscle stretched, contact between actin & myosin crossbridge is poor, contraction weak.

  17. Load: Repetition Relationship • Inverse relationship between load that can be lifted and number of repetitions that can be performed. • Relationship for strength training zone 60 to 100% of 1 RM range.

  18. Gender Differences • Women 50% less than men in absolute upper body strength. • Women 25-30% less than men in absolute lower body strength.

  19. Gender Differences • Women 5% to 15% weaker than men when expressed relative to body weight. • No difference in strength when expressed in muscle cross-sectional area.

  20. Children Weightlifting • Lifting weights in children has not been shown to prevent full growth of bones. • Children who lift weights in supervised programs do not suffer more injuries than adults. Giuliano

  21. Illustration References • McArdle, William D., Frank I. Katch, and Victor L. Katch. 2011. Essentials of Exercise Physiology 4th ed. Image Collection. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. • Plowman, Sharon A. and Denise L. Smith. 1998. Digital Image Archive for Exercise Physiology. Allyn & Bacon. • Robergs, Robert A. and Steven J. Keteyian. 2000. Fundamental Principles of Exercise Physiology. McGraw Hill.

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