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A Survey of PIM

A Survey of PIM. Yukun Li. Background Knowledge About PIM Workshop Related works Position and Some Ideas Conclusion and Outlook. Outline. Development History of PIM Memex : A concept from Vannevar Bus Today’s PIM. Background Knowledge.

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A Survey of PIM

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  1. A Survey of PIM Yukun Li

  2. Background Knowledge About PIM Workshop Related works Position and Some Ideas Conclusion and Outlook Outline

  3. Development History of PIM Memex :A concept from Vannevar Bus Today’s PIM Background Knowledge

  4. Background Knowledge Development History : PIM is not new PIM broadly defined includes the management of information going into our own memories as well the management of external information. As such, an interest in PIM-related matters is evidenced in the study of mnemonic techniques going back to ancient times.

  5. Background Knowledge Memex : Vannevar Bush’s Ideal PIM The modern dialog on PIM is generally thought to have begun with Vannevar Bush’s highly inspirational article “As we may think” published as World War II was finally nearing its end. “The investigator is staggered by the findings and conclusions of thousands of other workers – conclusions which he cannot find time to grasp, much less to remember, as they appear”. Bush expressed a hope that technology might be used to extend our collective ability to handle information and to break down barriers impeding the productive exchange of information.

  6. What is Memex? “a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility.” The memex used small head-mounted cameras to record experiences and microfilm to store these experiences, but no computer.

  7. The development of Store device and Internet Computing Devices and I/O technologies The info-resource become richer and richer Development of IR,DBMS,CHI,etc. New problems and exacerbated old problems Information islands:in multiple versions Some Theory and application questions unsolved Today’s PIM:Great Opportunity and Great Challenge Background Knowledge

  8. Background Knowledge About PIM Workshop Related Works Position and Some Ideas Conclusion and Outlook Outline

  9. Origin About 2005 PIM Workshop A few elementary concepts of PIM About 2006 PIM Workshop About PIM Workshop

  10. About PIM Workshop Origin of The PIM Workshop William P. Jones ,Harry Bush and some other professors prompted and held the 1st PIM Workshop in 2005. Now it has been held twice. January 27-29, 2005, Seattle, Washington at the Watertown Hotel; In 2005, There were about 30 specialists attending the workshop ,who came from Microsoft、IBM、Washington University、California University、MIT、NFS and other universities and companies .Every one participating in the workshop was asked to submit a poster on his creative idea,

  11. About PIM Workshop About the founders

  12. Origin About 2005 PIM Workshop A few elementary concepts of PIM About 2006 PIM Workshop About PIM Workshop

  13. A Report on the NSF-Sponsored Workshop on Personal Information Management, Seattle, WA, 2005 This report discussed the elementary concepts of PIM domain, and put forward key issues to be paid more research as bellow: New concepts mentioned: Information , information item , information form A Personal Space of Information(PSI), Personal Information Management(PIM) , Personal Information Environment (PIE) PIM activities: Keeping, Finding/re-finding , “M-level activities” The Result of PIM Workshop 2005

  14. Origin About 2005 PIM Workshop A few elementary concepts of PIM About 2006 PIM Workshop About PIM Workshop

  15. 信息(Information):在PIM的研究中,我们聚焦于研究信息对于主体的影响能力,如,是否对我们采取行动或作出选择产生影响。例如我们在选择旅馆时,会选定哪一所旅馆,取决于我们所收集到的旅馆的位置、价格等。信息(Information):在PIM的研究中,我们聚焦于研究信息对于主体的影响能力,如,是否对我们采取行动或作出选择产生影响。例如我们在选择旅馆时,会选定哪一所旅馆,取决于我们所收集到的旅馆的位置、价格等。 信息项(information item):信息项是一个信息单元,具体例子有:一封邮件,一个页面,一个任何类型的文件、一篇文档等等。 信息框(information form):信息项的类型,也可以说是一个信息项的具体表示形式,其内容和变化与具体的应用和工具有关, 这些应用和工具用来命名、移动、修改、复制、组织信息项,也可以为数据项赋予一些属性。 例如Word 文档、Pdf文档、Emai文档、jpg图像文件等都可以看作是一个信息框。 Information, Information item, Information form

  16. 在PIM研究中,个人信息包括以下三层涵义: (1)主体保存并为自己所用的信息(性质) (2)与主体有关但被其它实体控制的的信息,例如,医疗保险机构掌握着我们的健康信息。(访问) (3)主体经历过的但不为自己所控制的信息,例如我们访问过的网页(记忆问题)。 我认为:以上三类信息为直接信息,另外还有一种信息,可以称之为:隐含信息;这是一类隐含在直接信息之下,我们所不知道的信息,是需要经过挖掘分析才能发现的信息。例如,主体尚不知道的与其有关的网页,主体还不知道的隐含在PI中的信息,(我自己的观点,那么如何界定这一部分信息,有待进一步研究分析) Personal Information(PI)

  17. 个人信息空间(PSI):个人信息空间是指其所能够控制,或名义上能够控制的所有数据项的全体组成的集合(并不是指对数据专属,例如邮件系统),一个PSI往往包括一个人的书籍、Paper文档,Email帐号信息,Email文档、或其它存储在不同计算机上的与主体有关的文件,也包括网页链接、应用、工具以及结构,以此支持PSI信息的获取、存储、访问和使用。个人信息空间(PSI):个人信息空间是指其所能够控制,或名义上能够控制的所有数据项的全体组成的集合(并不是指对数据专属,例如邮件系统),一个PSI往往包括一个人的书籍、Paper文档,Email帐号信息,Email文档、或其它存储在不同计算机上的与主体有关的文件,也包括网页链接、应用、工具以及结构,以此支持PSI信息的获取、存储、访问和使用。 我的观点: (1) PSI是与主体有关联的所有信息项的集合 (2) PSI包括两个部分:已知部分(可控);未知部分 (3) PSI是本体需求和时间的函数. (4) PSI是动态变化的.表现在:本体需求行为的变化,会导致PSI变化;自生的信息项;自灭的信息项;信息项属性的变化;信息项从未知转变为已知;等. 个人信息空间(PSI)

  18. 尽管从某种意义上说,我们可以控制PSI中的information item;但是实际上也是很难完全做到的,比如,我们删除了一封邮件,但是我们很可能在以后会需要用到其内容(相信每个人都有过这样的经历) 一个PSI不能包括我们访问过的,但是尚在缓存中的网页,但是可以包括我们为这些网页所做的书签 通常,不可避免的会有大量灰色区域,比如,会有很多文件放在我们不能够控制的网络共享设备上,同样,PSI中也可能包括一些原来的应用程序遗留在我们机器(桌面)上的图标、书签、目录,他们都是自动建立的。 按照定义,每个实体只有一个PSI PSI区别于PIE,在文献中,PIE往往与支撑工具有关,是PSI的一个子集,一个办公室的物理空间,往往可以看作是一个PIE,里面包括成堆的和分类的文件、钉书机、书柜等,这是一个PIE,一个笔记本电脑是一个PIE,每个人可以有多个PIE。 PSI的大小是持续增大的,对于数字化信息而言更是如此,PSI是可供我们通过多种方法利用的潜在的数据源,例如,PSI可以被用来将主体的web经历用户化;可以对PSI中的信息进行分析挖掘,以抽取相应的信息模型;对PSI中信息的有效重用,可以提高我们的生产效率。同时PSI的持续增长也引来了信任、安全问题。 PIM Workshop 2005关于PSI的几点说明:

  19. 个人信息管理(PIM) 一方面,PIM定义非常简单,我们每天都接触它、使用它,但是PIM同时又是很难定义的,以至于一直是一个挑战性的问题。 PIM是我们日常对于处理、分类以及对信息的访问----Lansdale (1988) 。 为个人创建的供其在一个工作环境中使用的系统,其中包含人们获取信息的规则与方法;对信息进行组织与存储的机制,以及维持系统运行的一些规则与过程,以及对信息进行访问、处理、产生输出的方法机制。 ----Barreau (1995) 很多关于PIM的定义是从传统的信息管理的角度,存储信息以使能够在以后被访问。 ----Boardman (2004) 从数据存贮的角度,PIM是在PIS中建立、使用、保持信息与需求之间的映射的一种努力。对PIM行为按照input-storage-output进行分类,考虑到了一个概念框架: • Keeping activities affect the input of information into a PSI. 保持:影响到PSI中数据的输入(From information to need) • Finding/re-finding activities affect the output of information from a PSI. 影响到PIM中数据的产生(输出)(From need to information) • “M-level activities” (e.g., “m” for “mapping” or for “maintenance and organization”) affect the storage of information within the PSI. 影响到PIM中数据的存储。 -------------------Report of PIM 2005 Workshop Problem :PIM最终应当是一个系统软件还是应用软件? Introduction of PIM concept

  20. Origin About 2005 PIM Workshop A few elementary concepts of PIM About 2006 PIM Workshop About PIM Workshop

  21. About PIM Workshop About The PIM Workshop 2006 There are more than 30 position paper that were presented in the workshop. Every position paper followed by a poster. The presenting experts were divided into groups to discuss on certain Topic. Panel: Finding, re-finding & search Short panel: Privacy, PIM & Group information management Panel: Keeping, organizing & information enhancement Short panel: PIM overall(整体), PIM odds(机会) & ends

  22. PIM2006 paper Exploiting Personal Search History to Improve Search Accuracy 用户为中心的优化信息查询方法,利用历史数据提高查询准确度。

  23. TaskTracer: Enhancing Personal Information Management Through Machine Learning 任务跟踪:通过机器学习强化PIM PIM2006 paper

  24. PIM2006 paper PIM for Mobility 移动领域的个人信息管理

  25. Background Knowledge About PIM Workshop Related Works Position and Some Ideas Conclusion and Outlook Outline

  26. A summary of works on PIM Related Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM Related Works on CHI (HCI) Other Works on PIM Related Branches and Works

  27. A summary of works on PIM 05-06年国外有关PIM paper:

  28. 近年国内有关PIM研究论文 A summary of works on PIM

  29. 国外的研究比较系统化,且对基础理论(如PSI方面)研究比较重视。原创性成果比较多。国外的研究比较系统化,且对基础理论(如PSI方面)研究比较重视。原创性成果比较多。 与国外相比,目前国内对于PIM、PSI研究还比较少,原创性工作还不多,研究工作都主要集中在信息获取方面,主要集中在对一些算法的研究或改进。 从研究机构上,在PIM、PSI方面,都有一些team在进行研究,且大都有国家项目支撑。 Compare and analysis A summary of works on PIM

  30. A summary of works on PIM Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM Works on CHI (HCI) Other Works on PIM Related Branches and Works

  31. In my opinion , Three Important articles: (1) The PIM workshop 2005 Report (2) iMeMex: Escapes from the Personal Information Jungle (Demo Paper) (3) A SIGIR 2006 PIM Workshop Position paper iMeMex: A Platform for Personal Dataspace Management. Dittrich, Jens, M. Salles, S. Karaksashian, et al., (4) VLDB 2006 regular paper iDM: A Unified and Versatile Data Model for Personal Dataspace Management, JensPeter Dittrich, Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles Main Contribution iMeMexDATA MODEL Resource view and resource view classes Important works: Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM

  32. The paper’s team Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM

  33. Personal Data Space Management Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM

  34. Papers produced by the team Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM

  35. Privacy Advisors for Personal Information Management (PIM2006安全性) Finding to Keep and Organize: Personal Information Collections as Contex (PIM2006) iMeMex: A Platform for Personal Dataspace Management. (PIM2006) Collecting and Organizing Web Content. (PIM2006) Internet-Scale Data distribution:Some Research Problem(WISE2006 Keynote Paper 1) Building a Domain Independent Platform for Collecting Domain Specific Data from the WebProblem(WISE2006 Keynote Paper 3) Other Related works Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM

  36. A summary of works on PIM Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM Works on CHI (HCI) Other Works on PIM Related Branches and Works

  37. 人机交互本质上是认知过程,人机交互理论是以认知科学为理论基础;人机交互系统是一个闭环系统,人机交互研究是以系统科学作为人机交互研究的框架的方法学;同时,人机交互是以信息技术作为用户界面的技术基础,通过信息系统的建模、形式化描述、整合算法、评估方法以及软件框架等信息技术最终实现和应用人机交互理论。 人机交互是研究人与计算机之间交互的技术,“人机和谐”和“基于自然交互方式的”的人机交互是当前的关注热点。研究自然和谐的人机交互理论和方法,发展新一代人机交互的技术,开发面向主流应用的新界面软件,是21世纪信息领域需要解决的重大基础课题。 第二届中国人机交互学术会议(CHI-CHINA2006)于2006年10月31日-11月2日在风景秀丽的浙江省杭州市召开。这次会议将邀请国内外著名学者就多媒体发展的最新趋势和热点问题做大会特邀报告。为确保论文质量,会议程序委员会将对收到的所有论文进行审阅,收录的文章将以《中国人机交互新进展》一书为名由出版社正式出版。 交互技术:包括人机环境,情感计算,新的交互工具、设备等用户界面技术及其相关的问题等; 交互系统: 包括新的交互系统的架构、界面和评价。多模态及可触摸界面,自适应交互,三维、虚拟现实、增强现实系统及界面,基于笔输入的交互技术及其相关的问题; 方法和工具: 包括交互系统设计和开发的新方法、过程、技术和工具; 理论和模型:包括人机交互理论和模型的形式化方法的描述和评价。 反思分析:对人机交互相关因素的探讨,年龄相关设计,人类错误,文化影响等; 可用性研究及评价; About CHI2006 CHI (HCI)

  38. Fast, Flexible Filtering with Phlat — Personal Search and Organization Made Easy 。 微软研究院(CHI2006) Personal Information Enhancement (part of SidewalkProject.[PIM2006] Web Driving:An Image-Based Opportunistic Web Browser That Visualizes a Peripheral Information Space (WISE 2006) User Models: A Contribution to Pragmatics of Web Information System Design (WISE 2006) Improving Accessibility of the Web with a computer Game (CHI2006 Phetch借助模拟程序,收集图片描述信息) Verbosity: A Game for Collecting Common-Sense Facts一个收集常识性事实的策略(游戏) (CHI2006) And, at CHI’2004 there were 10 full papers (out of 93), 5 short-papers, and 4 posters focused on PIM-related topics. At CHI’2005 there were 9 full papers (out of 93), 5 short-papers or posters and 1 doctoral consortium presentation focused on PIM-related topics. (from PIM workshop 2005 Report) Relate Papers CHI (HCI)

  39. A summary of works on PIM Works on PDS\PIS\PDSM Works on CHI (HCI) Other Works on PIM Related Branches and Works

  40. Other Works on PIM Application of PIM Now some Web-sit declare to provide PIM services, But Most of them only can finish some sample functions. There is still a long way to realize a real PIM system. Some Website related to PIM (Most of them are simple)

  41. Personal Web Data integration Personal Data Mining Cognitive psychology (认知心理学) Others (Mobile data management, etc) Related Branches Other Works on PIM

  42. Background Knowledge About PIM Workshop Related Research Branches Position and Ideas Conclusion and Outlook Outline

  43. About Data Space About PIM A few Research Topics About Research Method Position and Ideas

  44. About Data Space The Whole Digital Data World is take as a big One Data Space, and it extend speedy. Entity Data Space is a part of ODS and differs from each other on logic. Entities are interactive and inclusive sometime. PDS is a sub-DataSpace of ODS. There is uncertain relation based on Semantic. PDS是PSI的数据表示

  45. A Common Data Space Model About Data Space Every Entity Has a Dataspace PDS is one of them Important Characters of PDS: Open system Pay-as-you-go Evolution Net Data Model suits it more Data Block (logic and Phisical) Data element (logic page)

  46. About Data Space About PIM A few Topics on Our Research About Research Method Position and Ideas

  47. Application is the nature of PIMWhich is a great motivation of research Position about PIM

  48. A application model based PIM Position about PIM

  49. Data Space and DSMS PIM Application A few Research Topics About Research Method Position and Ideas

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